Prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and molecular detection of bla TEM, bla SHV and bla CTX-M genotypes among Enterobacteriaceae isolates from patients in Khartoum, Sudan

Abstract

Introduction: the emergence of antibiotic resistance pathogens is an important health risk. Usually Gram negative bacteria acquire resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics by beta-lactamase production. The objectives of this study was to assess the prevalence of ESBL and to detect the frequency of bla TEM, bla SHV and bla CTX-M genotypes among ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from patients in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods: a total of 171 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were recovered from hospitals in Khartoum, Sudan (2014 -2015) were used to detect ESBL production using disc diffusion method. bla TEM, bla SHV and bla CTX-M genes were investigated by PCR based methods using gene-specific primers. Results: the high resistance among Enterobacteriaceae was noticed in ciprofloxacin (72%) and ofloxacin (73%). ESBL production was mainly in Escherichia. coli (38%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (34%). Prevalent genotypes were bla TEM (86%), bla CTX-M (78%) and bla SHV (28%). These were found mainly in Escherichia. coli (38%, 37%, 2%) and K. pneumonia (34%, 31%, 26.1%). The majority of ESBL producing isolates possess more than one ESBL genes. Conclusion: the ESBL production in Enterobacteriaceae was high, with bla TEM and bla CTX-M genotypes more prevalent. Public health and laboratory standard of excellence is needed to reducing the spread of resistant pathogens.