https://www.ajol.info/index.php/pmjoe/issue/feed Pest Management Journal of Ethiopia 2024-01-19T09:21:20+00:00 Dr Gashawbeza Ayalew Gashawbeza@yahoo.com Open Journal Systems <p>The Pest<em> Management Journal of Ethiopia</em> is national in scope but may also entertain manuscripts that have regional nature and are relevant to Ethiopian agriculture. It covers all disciplines of crop protection: diseases, insects, weeds, nematodes and vertebrate pests. Priority is given to papers dealing with crop protection problems that are highly relevant to Ethiopian agriculture. Manuscripts dealing with non-chemical pest management aspects are preferred.<br /><br />You can view this journal's website <a href="https://ppseonlinejournal.org/index.php/PMJE/oas" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here</a>.</p> https://www.ajol.info/index.php/pmjoe/article/view/262904 Occurrence and pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematode isolates in maize growing regions of Ethiopia 2024-01-19T09:00:33+00:00 Tesfaye Hailu yonatentes@gmail.com Emana Getu yonatentes@gmail.com Mulatu Wakgari yonatentes@gmail.com Muluken Goftishu yonatentes@gmail.com <p>The objective of this study was to find and test entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) native to regions of Ethiopia where maize is grown with the aim of developing a biocontrol program against fall armyworm (FAW) <em>Spodoptera frugiperda </em>(Smith) and other arthropod pests. Six hundred seventy-nine soil samples were collected from eight regional states of Ethiopia between August and October 2019. From these collections, 28 EPN isolates, 13 from Steinernema genera and 15 from Heterorhabditis genera have been identified. All the 28 isolates identified from the survey and nine Ambo Agricultural Research Center’s isolates were tested using a single dose (500 infective juveniles ml<sup>-1</sup>(IJ)/ml) under laboratory conditions using FAW larvae in completely randomized design. Isolates, such as Aso-Tes-287 from Steinernema genera and Am-Ger-Tes-74, Am-Adm-Tes-369, and Z9 from Heterorhabditis genera caused significant larval mortality within eight days. Moreover, the LT<sub>50</sub> values i.e., 3.5 to 6.7 days showed that these isolates are more virulent. These most virulent isolates were further tested for their potential in a pot experiment under wire house conditions at three different concentration levels (250, 400, and 600 IJ/ml) in randomized complete block design. The isolates Aso-Tes-287 and Am-Ger-Tes-74 resulted in higher mortality of 74.7% and 78.3%, respectively at 600 IJ/ml. The EPN isolates Aso-Tes-287 and Am-Ger-Tes-74 which caused higher mortalities within shorter periods, were promising bio-agents for the management of FAW. A confirmatory study is suggested to use the two promising bioagents for the management of FAW and other arthropod pests.</p> 2024-01-19T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/pmjoe/article/view/262905 Detection and molecular identification of some plant parasitic nematodes associated with ornamental plants from Jimma, Ethiopia 2024-01-19T09:03:52+00:00 Abebe W. Aseffa beira.hailu@ju.edu.et Beira H. Meressa beira.hailu@ju.edu.et <p>There has been a concerning presence of phytoparasitic nematodes on annual and biennial ornamental plants at Jimma University's agriculture campus. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected to elucidate the presence of plant parasitic nematodes associated with ornamental plants. The samples were collected from three locations of eleven different ornamental species, including <em>Agapanthus africanus, Canna generalis, Cuphea ignea, Dahlia hybrids, Dianthus barbatus, Gerbera jamesonii, Impatiens balsamina, Impatiens hybrids, Pelargonium </em>spp<em>., Tagetes erecta </em>and <em>Zinnia elegans. </em>Nematodes were extracted from 100 ml aliquot soil using the modified Baermann tray method. The study identified ten genera of plant parasitic nematodes, including <em>Helicotylenchus</em>, <em>Hemicycliophora</em>, <em>Hoplotylus</em>, <em>Meloidogyne</em>, <em>Mesocriconema</em>, <em>Paratylenchus</em>, <em>Paratrichodorus</em>, <em>Scutellonema</em>, <em>Telotylenchus, and Trichodorus</em>. <em>Helicotylenchus </em>was the most dominant genus with a mean population density of 126 individuals/100 ml soil, a frequency of occurrence (FO) of 64%, and a prominence value (PV) of 101 among all sampled ornamental plant species. <em>Meloidogyne </em>and <em>Scutellonema </em>followed with mean population densities of 129 and 70 individuals/100 ml soil, FOs of 48% and 39%, and PV of 89 and 44, respectively. The least important genera were <em>Paratylenchus </em>and <em>Trichodorus</em>, with an FO of 3% and mean nematode population densities of 10 and 17 individuals/ 100 ml soils, respectively. Molecular identification based on 18S small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene sequences revealed the species identity of <em>Scutellonema bradys</em>, <em>Hemicycliophora conida </em>and <em>Telotylenchus ventralis</em>. This study provides valuable information on nematodes associated with ornamental plant species vital for developing management plans in future landscape maintenance.</p> 2024-01-19T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/pmjoe/article/view/262906 Applying aqueous crude leaf extracts and organic soil amendments manages <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> on hot pepper 2024-01-19T09:07:04+00:00 Beimnet Abegaz beimnet.abegaz@gmail.com Beira H. Meressa beimnet.abegaz@gmail.com Awel Seid beimnet.abegaz@gmail.com Chemeda Fininsa beimnet.abegaz@gmail.com Mashilla Dejene beimnet.abegaz@gmail.com Kebede W/Tsadik beimnet.abegaz@gmail.com <p>The root-knot nematode, <em>Meloidogyne incognita</em>, can severely damage hot pepper plants (<em>Capsicum annum </em>and <em>C. frutescens)</em>. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective management strategies. The impact of aqueous crude leaf extracts from <em>Vernonia amygdalina </em>and <em>Lantana camara </em>and organic soil amendments with vermicompost and poultry manure was investigated in an open-field pot experiment on three pepper genotypes (Oda Haro, Acc.03, and Melka Awaze). The growth performance, yield, and nematode population were assessed. Twenty-seven treatments, including the untreated checks, were arranged in a factorial RCBD in three replications. Plots treated with leaf extracts and/or organic soil amendments resulted in significantly lower number of root galls, egg masses, and nematode populations than the untreated checks in all the pepper genotypes. The combined treatments were more effective than individual treatments in all the genotypes. The lowest nematode population was on the genotype Melka Awaze <em>Lantana camara </em>with vermicompost on genotype Melka Awaze, <em>L. camara </em>with poultry manure on genotype Oda Haro, and <em>V. amygdalina </em>with vermicompost on genotype Acc.03 sustained fewer root galls, egg masses and nematode populations. On the genotype ‘Oda Haro’, the untreated control gave significantly lower values for the number of pods, marketable pods, number of branches and plant height than the remaining treatments except <em>V. amygdalina </em>applied without soil amendments for number of branches. Similarly, on the genotype‘Acc.03’, except <em>L. camara </em>without soil amendments for number of branches and <em>V. amygdalina </em>and poultry manure for plant height, values were significantly lower in the untreated control than the other treatments. Vermicompost enhanced the growth and yield of pepper and reduced the number of root galls, egg masses and nematode populations<em>. </em>Therefore, applying leaf extracts and organic soil amendments appeared promising to control <em>M. incognita</em>.</p> 2024-01-19T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/pmjoe/article/view/262908 Insecticidal potency of a new bioactive dipeptide from <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> AR1 culture supernatant against <i>Myzus persicae</i> 2024-01-19T09:11:55+00:00 Regassa Ayana Bayisa Gashawbeza@yahoo.com <p>The green peach aphid (<em>Myzus persicae</em>) has become a worldwide challenge causing high yield losses through direct plant attack and transmission of plant pathogens. A widespread resistance development against synthetic agrochemicals by the aphid and the negative impact of the chemicals used to manage the pest on human health, other organisms and the environment are other problems. Therefore, the aphicidal potency of the secondary metabolite from <em>Bacillus velezensis </em>AR1 was investigated under in-vitro conditions. The purification process was conducted using solid-phase extraction by Strata SI-1 column, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Then, the purified EA3T3 fraction was analysed with the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C, H-H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) and the metabolite was identified as 5-N-tyrosinylornithine. The aphicidal potency of the metabolite on <em>Myzus persicae </em>mortality was tested using three concentrations over 24 to 72h periods of exposure in a laboratory bioassay in comparison with a biopesticide E-II. The biopesticide EII caused the highest mortality of the aphids; 89% at 72 hr. The purified metabolite caused a mortality rate of 40.74±6 to 66.67±5% at 1 to 4μg mL<sup>-1</sup> concentrations after 72h of exposure. The aphid mortality increased with the increase in concentration and duration of exposure to EA3T3. The lowest LD<sub>50</sub> was attained at 72h of exposure. Therefore, the bioactive metabolite produced by <em>B. velezensis </em>AR1 is potent against the green peach aphid <em>Myzus persica </em>and has the potential to be used for the management of aphids.</p> 2024-01-19T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/pmjoe/article/view/262910 Insecticides for the management of tef epilachna (<i>Chnootriba similis</i> Thunberg, coleoptera: coccinellidae) in barley in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia 2024-01-19T09:17:04+00:00 Workneh Wotaro azeref@gmail.com Ferdu Azerefegne azeref@gmail.com Girma Demisse azeref@gmail.com <p>Tef epilachna, <em>Chnootriba similis</em>, is an important pest of cereal crops in Ethiopia. It causes significant yield loss on barley under heavy infestation. The efficacy and application time of five foliar insecticides were evaluated to control <em>C. similis </em>on barley in two districts of Wolaita, southern Ethiopia during the short “Belg” and the main “Meher” rainy seasons of 2020. The trial was factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were combinations of five insecticides (carbaryl, diazinon, imidacloprid, λ-cyhalothrin, malathion) and two application times (early and late). Early applications (tillering stage) of insecticides were either better or on par with the late applications (booting stage) in the two seasons and locations in terms of mortality of larvae, leaf damage and grain yield. Higher larval mortalities were recorded for the insecticides λ-cyhalothin (87 - 100%), carbaryl (84 – 100%), diazinon (78 – 99%), malathion (86 – 100%), and imidacloprid (71 – 97%). Barley protected with insecticides against <em>C. similis </em>had lower leaf damage and resulted in significantly higher yield. The insecticides carbaryl, λ-cyhalothrin, malathion, diazinon, and imidacloprid, applied at the early tillering stage of barley can effectively control <em>C. similis </em>on barley. The insecticide λ-cyhalothrin that consistently provided higher protection and gave the highest return is the best choice for the control of <em>C. similis</em>.</p> 2024-01-19T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2024