Knowledge Enhancement on Cardiogenic Shock Following Self-Instructional Module among Rwandan Nurses: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Abstract

Background
Cardiogenic shock is a life-threatening condition requiring early recognition and immediate intervention. Nurses, often the first responders in hospitals and communities, need adequate knowledge to manage such emergencies effectively. This study assessed the effectiveness of a self-instructional module (SIM) in improving nurses’ knowledge about cardiogenic shock at a level-two teaching hospital in Rwanda.
Methods
A quasi-experimental design was used involving 113 nurses. Structured multiple-choice questionnaires were administered before and after exposure to the SIM. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, χ² and paired t-tests were used to assess changes in knowledge levels.
Results
The study revealed a significant improvement in post-test scores following the SIM intervention. The proportion of nurses with adequate knowledge increased from 10.6% to 60.2%, while those with inadequate or moderate knowledge dropped from 32.7% to 4.4% (χ² = 92.4; p < 0.001). Demographic variables such as age, gender, marital status, education level, and experience did not significantly influence the knowledge gain.
Conclusion
The SIM proved to be an effective educational tool for enhancing nurses’ knowledge of cardiogenic shock. Its implementation can be a valuable strategy for improving clinical preparedness among nursing staff.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2026;9(1):25-34