Assessment of selected biomarkers of bone healing and inflammation among subjects with fracture on traditional and conventional treatment methods

Abstract

Abstract

Fractures have significant implications for health. Treatment approaches vary, including traditional and conventional methods. This study in Ekpoma, Nigeria assessed biomarkers in fracture healing through a cross-sectional random sampling. Blood samples from 60 subjects were analyzed for hydroxyproline, creatinine, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and C-reactive protein. The aim was to evaluate treatment effectiveness and improvement in patient outcomes by monitoring bone remodeling. Statistical analysis utilized is the SPSS software version 21.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Biochemical marker analysis revealed that serum alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium, and creatinine did not significantly differ between subjects without fractures and those with fractures (p>0.05). However, hydroxyproline levels exhibited a significant difference (p<0.05), with higher values observed in subjects with fractures. Additionally, C-reactive protein levels showed significant variations (p<0.05), indicating increased inflammation in fracture patients. High-sensitive C-reactive protein levels also displayed significant differences (p<0.05). Further analysis comparing male and female subjects without fractures and those with fractures revealed no significant variations in serum alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and creatinine levels (p>0.05). However, hydroxyproline levels demonstrated significant variations (p<0.05) between males and females in the fracture group, suggesting gender-specific differences in bone metabolism. C-reactive protein and High-sensitive C-reactive protein levels exhibited significant variations (p<0.05) between males and females in the fracture group. Furthermore, a comparison between patients on traditional and conventional treatment methods indicated significant variations in serum alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium levels (p<0.05), suggesting distinct effects of the treatment modalities on these markers. However, no significant differences were observed in creatinine, C-reactive protein, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein levels (p>0.05). Traditional and conventional fracture treatment methods may affect biochemical markers differently, with gender-specific variations in hydroxyproline, C-reactive protein, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein levels. Further research is needed to understand the clinical implications and underlying mechanisms of these findings.