Synthèse: Revue des Sciences et de la Technologie

Analysis of selected risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases : A study on patients living in Tébessa region (Algeria)

2026-02-08T15:49:41+00:00

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major public health concern due to their increasing prevalence and significant impact on health outcomes. To prevent the development of such complications, we focused on studying modifiable and non-modifiable factors involved in their progression. This study was conducted on 73 patients diagnosed with various cardiovascular pathologies, living in the Tébessa region (Algeria). Data are collected through a structured questionnaire designed to document behavioral and physiological risk factors. Among these participants, 25 provided blood samples, which are analyzed to perform a biochemical profile and measure the concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Our findings reveal that men are at a higher risk of CVDs compared to women. Hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and obesity are more prevalent, accompanied by statistically significant disturbances in biochemical metabolism and redox status. In conclusion, our results indicate that cardiovascular diseases are associated with both biochemical and behavioral disruptions. Early screening, regular health monitoring through blood tests, weight management, physical activity, and smoking cessation are critical recommendations to prevent cardiovascular risk.

Etude de l’hépatotoxicité d’un fongicide chimique et un biofongicide

2026-02-08T15:51:33+00:00

Cette recherche a pour objectif de comparer l’impact toxique de l’Azoxystrobine, un fongicide chimique largement utilisé dans l’agriculture à l’échelle mondiale, avec celui de l’extrait aqueux d’ail, en se basant sur les indicateurs de la fonction hépatique chez des rats mâles. L’étude a été menée sur 40 rats pubères répartis en 5 groupes de 8 individus. Le groupe T0 a servi de groupe témoin. Les groupes T1 et T2 ont été traités avec l’extrait aqueux d’ail, tandis que les groupes T3 et T4 ont reçu de l’Azoxystrobine via leur alimentation, respectivement aux doses correspondant à (1/15, 1/30) de la DL50 pour chaque pesticide, sur une période de six semaines. Les résultats obtenus révèlent que l’Azoxystrobine a entraîné une augmentation significative de la masse du foie chez les groupes exposés au pesticide chimique, en comparaison avec le groupe témoin. Par ailleurs, les activités enzymatiques des transaminases, notamment l’ALAT, l’PAL ont affiché une élévation notable chez les rats traités au pesticide chimique par rapport aux témoins. À l’inverse, une diminution marquée de la concentration l’ASAT et la concentration de l’albumine chez les groupes traités à la forte dose l’azoxystrobine par rapport au groupe non traité. En conclusion, cette étude a démontré que l’Azoxystrobine provoque des perturbations beaucoup plus importantes des marqueurs de la fonction hépatique que l’extrait aqueux d’ail chez les rats soumis au traitement.

تنقیة أنزیم تحویل الأنجیوتنسینI) I ECA (من رئة الفأر من سلالة Wistar بإستخدام تقنیات الكروماتوغرافیا : دراسـة بیوكیمیائیة و أنزیمیة

2026-02-08T15:54:23+00:00

The angiotensin I - converting enzyme (ACE), or peptidyldipeptide hydrolase (EC. 3.4.15.1), is an enzyme, which plays an important role in the renine- angiotensin- aldosterone system. In other words, this enzyme transfers the angiotensin I to the angiotensin II. The latter has a high capacity and effeteness in the concentration of blood vessels and it contributes in the formation of angiotensin III. Angiotensin II stimulate also the production of aldosterone hormone. In addition, the previous enzyme has a number of other different functions. ECA I is a glycoprotein, contains one peptide chain and zinc element in its active site. This research aims to purify the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) from the lungs of Wistar rats using chromatography techniques on one hand, and to study its biochemical and enzymatic properties on the other. Starting from the lung extract : the purification was dependent on the extraction by a nonionic detergent (Nonidet P-40) and the utilization of DEAE- spherodex M in ion exchange chromatography. However, the sepharose was used in the affinity chromatography with lisinopril (MK-521) as a specific inhibitor, which was bounded to the MK-521 sepharose CL-4B. the result indicates that the specific enzyme activity and the yield was 11.97 u/mg and 214.643 u/mg respectively. On the other hand, the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (PAGE-SDS) resulted in only a single band, which indicates for the purity of the enzyme and a few contaminants substances. The later can be excluded by the application of HPLC on gel filtration superose 12. In which there was an increase of specific enzyme activity and the yield in considerable quantity : 33.42u/mg and 596.96u/mg respectively and the appearance of one band by the polyacrylamide electrophoresis. In this investigation was also measured the effect of some inhibitors on enzyme activity. The findings indicated also that enalaprilate inhibitor has capacity four times of lisinopril whereas EDTA has a weak inhibition. In other words, EDTA is not a specific an inhibitor. The enzyme presents a molecular weight of 170000.

Study on the alleviating effect of Punica granatum against toluene-induced renal and oxidative stress damage in rats

2026-02-08T15:57:43+00:00

Organic solvents exposure has been shown to affect the functional integrity of various organs. The current study was carried out to evaluate the renal dysfunction induced by toluene (Tol) toxicity, and the potential protective role of Punica granatum fresh peel aqueous extract (FPAE) in male rats. The orally treated rats were divided as follows: Control (C), positive controls (corn oil: 1.25 mL/kg BW; and FPAE: 400 mg/kg BW), Tol1: 275 mg/kg BW, Tol2: 550 mg/kg BW and a mixture each of FPAE-Tol1 and FPAE-Tol2. After 6-week study period, urea, creatinine, and uric acid were estimated, as well as renal histology and oxidative stress markers. Results showed that Tol group has significant increase of serum urea and creatinine levels, with a significant elevation in renal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and a significant decrease of glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase activity. FPAE co-administration partially retrieved the changes in almost all studied parameters compared with the Tol group. Tol induced histopathological kidney damage, which was minimized as a result of P. granatum treatment. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that FPAE attenuates renal oxidative injury induced by Tol, supporting the traditional claims of its beneficial effects, possibly due to its antioxidant potential.

Mancozeb has inhibited the reproduction mechanism in male domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) and altered hepatic function

2026-02-08T16:03:59+00:00

Pesticides are toxic chemicals, very much used in agriculture in order to increase the agricultural outputs. These molecules can affect reproductive function of animals. This study aimed to the toxicity of the fungicide mancozèb on certain blood biochemical markers and seasonal reproduction of male domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) under long photoperiod (20L: 04D). The fungicide was orally administered at 2 and 5 g/l (doses used in agriculture). The obtained results revealed that under a long photoperiod, the sexual activity lasted only 04 weeks. In addition, mancozeb administration induced gonadic regression, delayed the refractory phase, provoked a hyperglycemia, a hyperlipidemia, an elevation in the activity of alkaline phosphatase and aminotransferase, and a reduction in creatinine level. The toxic effects of mancozeb was apparent in higher doses. To conclude, mancozeb has inhibited the reproduction mechanism in male pigeons and altered hepatic function.

Olea europaea leaf extract can modulate the reproductive state of cadmium-poisoned rats

2026-02-08T16:06:08+00:00

Cadmium is a widely used heavy metal and is considered a powerful endocrine disruptor, with adverse effects on fertility and the body's physiological activities. The aim of the study is to investigate the benefits of the aqueous extract of fresh olive leaves (Olea europaea L.) in reducing cadmium toxicity. In this context, 80 male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups and treated daily for one month by gavage. The negative control received a standard diet; three positive control groups (LEO1, LEO2, and LEO3) respectively received different extracts (0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg rat), one group received fresh cadmium chloride solution (40 mg/kg rat), and the last three groups received a combination of LE + CdCl₂ with the same dosages. The results demonstrated cadmium led to a decrease in fertility parameters (concentration, mobility, LH, and testosterone), with a significant decrease in GSH and an increase in MDA levels. Supplementation of olive leaf extract significantly improved all parameters of the three combined treatment groups with different degrees. In conclusion, olive leaf extract was able to mitigate cadmium-intoxicated rats and preserved reproductive parameters.