Efficacy of a low-dose ferric-EDTA in reducing iron deficiency anaemia among underfive children living in malaria-holoendemic district of Mvomero, Tanzania

  • Theobald C.E. Mosha SOKOINE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE
  • Henry H. Laswai Department of Food Science and Technology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3006, Morogoro,
  • John Assey Turiani Designated District Hospital, P.O. Box 917, Morogoro
  • Maurice R. Bennink Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
Keywords: anaemia, ferrous lactate, ferric-ethyl diaminetetraacetic acid (Fe-EDTA), supplement, Tanzania

Abstract

Iron deficiency anaemia is a public health problem in Tanzania especially among children under the age of five years. In malaria holoendemic areas, control of anaemia by supplementation with iron has been reported to increase serious adverse events. The World Health Organization recommends that, programs to control anaemia in such areas should go concurrently with malaria control programmes. The objectives of the study were to: (i) to determine if a supplement providing 2.5 mg of iron as ferric EDTA and 2.5 mg of iron as ferrous lactate (low dose) is as effective in correcting anaemia as a supplement providing the standard 10 mg of iron as ferrous lactate (high dose); and ii) determine if iron supplementation increased the risk of malaria. This study was carried out in Mvomero District of east-central Tanzania. Two groups (69 and 70 subjects per treatment) of moderately anaemic children (7.0–9.1 g of Hb/dl), received one of the two micronutrient supplements differing only in iron content for a period of 60 days. Results showed that, the average haemoglobin (Hb) concentration improved from 8.30±0.60 g/dl to 11.08±1.25 g/dl. The average weight-for-age for all children increased from 16.0 to 20.6% while their weight-for-height increased from 4.0 to 13.3%. The incidence of asymptomatic and symptomatic malaria ranged from 10.0 to 10.4% at all time points with no apparent increase in malaria severity due to iron supplementation. Overall, there was a significant reduction in anaemia during the 60 day supplementation period. This study demonstrated that, micronutrient supplements containing low-dose ferric-EDTA is just as effective as the high dose iron in reducing anaemia and can be safely utilized in malaria holoendemic areas to control iron deficiency anaemia. It is recommended that, a large study should be conducted to affirm the effectiveness of the low-dose ferric-EDTA in controlling iron deficiency anaemia among underfive children.

Author Biography

Theobald C.E. Mosha, SOKOINE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE

Professor of Nutrition

Department of Food Science and Nutrition
P.O. Box 3109
Morogoro, Tanzania
Tel: 0715-844-024

Published
2014-05-02
How to Cite
MoshaT. C., LaswaiH. H., AsseyJ., & BenninkM. R. (2014). Efficacy of a low-dose ferric-EDTA in reducing iron deficiency anaemia among underfive children living in malaria-holoendemic district of Mvomero, Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v16i2.2
Section
Articles

Journal Identifiers


eISSN: 1821-9241
print ISSN: 1821-6404