Socio-cultural and religious factors influencing menstrual hygiene management among schoolgirls in Tanzania: A literature survey

Abstract

Background: Menstruation is a natural phenomenon to adolescent girls and women as part of their reproductive life. It is associated with social and cultural values among schoolgirls and women. The purpose of this study was to identify and discuss several socio-cultural and religious elements that influence menstruation among Tanzanian schoolgirls.

Methods: The study is a literature survey based on the relevant papers published in Tanzania. A literature survey was conducted utilising a seven-step methodology, in which relevant themes from several prospective bibliographic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and institutional repositories were methodically identified, collated, and analysed using descriptive methods.

Results: The survey found sociocultural and traditional factors influencing menstrual hygiene management among Tanzanian schoolgirls. These elements include religious beliefs, impurity, witchcraft, local superstitions, limitations on menstruation, menstruation's association with fear, shame, and secrecy, male involvement, awareness, knowledge, and abilities, and relationships with family, teachers, and peers.

Conclusion: The government and other stakeholders should work together to address the socio-cultural and religious concerns that affect menstrual hygiene management among schoolgirls in the country.