Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr
<p align="justify"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">We seek to encourage pharmaceutical and allied research of tropical and international relevance and to foster multidisciplinary research and collaboration among scientists, the pharmaceutical industry and the healthcare professionals.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">We publish articles in pharmaceutical sciences and related disciplines (including biotechnology, cell and molecular biology, drug utilization including adverse drug events, medical and other life sciences, and related engineering fields). Although primarily devoted to original research papers, we welcome reviews on current topics of special interest and relevance</span>.</p> <p>Other websites related to this journal: <a title="http://www.tjpr.org" href="http://www.tjpr.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://www.tjpr.org</a> and <a title="http://www.bioline.org.br/pr/" href="http://www.bioline.org.br/pr/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://www.bioline.org.br/pr/</a></p>Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeriaen-USTropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research1596-5996<p><span><span>Submission of a manuscript to this journal is a representation that the manuscript has not been published previously and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.</span></span></p><p><span><span>All authors named in each manuscript would be required to sign a form (to be supplied by the Editor) so that they may retain their copyright in the article but to assign to us (the Publishers) and its licensees in perpetuity, in all forms, formats and media (whether known or created in the future) to (i) publish, reproduce, distribute, display and store the contribution, (ii) translate the contribution into other languages, create adaptations, reprints, include within collections and create summaries, extracts and/or abstracts of the contribution, (iii) create any other derivative works(s) based on the contribution, (iv) to exploit all subsidiary rights in the contribution, (v) the inclusion of electronic links from the contribution to third party material where-ever it may be located, and (vi) license any thrid party to do any or all of the above.</span></span></p>Optimization of ticagrelor tablet for gastro-retentive drug delivery using full factorial design
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266759
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To identify the optimized region of formulation using quality by design for developing ticagrelor gastro-retentive (GR) tablets. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>A 23 + 3 full factorial design of experiments study was used to identify three factors (polyethylene oxide (PEO), compression, and volume of granulating fluid) involved in the wet granulation and compression process of ticagrelor GR tablets. Hardness, friability, content, dosage unit uniformity, and pH 1.2 dissolution rate (at 4, 8, and 12 h) were evaluated as critical quality attributes via analysis of variance using Design Expert software. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>All seven models were significantly influenced based on analysis of variance results (p < 0.05). Hardness and friability were significantly affected by compression (p < 0.0001). Content uniformity was significantly affected by the interaction between compression and granulating water volume for wet granulation (p < 0.05), and dosage unit uniformity was significantly affected by the volume of granulating fluid for wet granulation (p < 0.05). However, all results were within acceptable ranges. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) (4 h, p < 0.05; 8 h, p < 0.05; 12 h, p < 0.05) and compression (4 h, p < 0.05; 8 h, p < 0.05; 12 h, p < 0.05) had negative effect on pH 1.2 dissolution rate. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>Design of experiment (DoE) approach has been used to optimize region of PEO, compression, and volume of granulating fluid for formulation development. This outcome is expected to be a basis for further research to develop TCG GR tablets on a large production scale. </em></p>Yong Seong LeeJae Seon KangKang Min KimJae Sung Pyo
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2024-03-122024-03-1223223524210.4314/tjpr.v23i2.1Circ_0011385 increases cisplatin resistance in breast cancer via miR-615-5psuppression
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266760
<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in chemo-resistance among different cancers, containing breast cancer (BC). Herein, this project aimed to investigate the role of circ_0011385 on cisplatin (DDP) resistance in BC cells.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>circ_0011385 and microRNA (miR)-615-5p content in DDP-resistant BC cells and their parent cells (MCF-7) was calculated by RT-qPCR. CCK-8 assessed inhibition rate, and further to calculate half inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>). Clone formation and flow cytometry experiments detected clone numbers and apoptosis rate. Dual-luciferase reporter system validated targeting between circ_0011385 and miR-615-5p.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>circ_0011385 was upregulated, whereas miR-615-5p was decreased in MCF-7/DDP cells. Silencing circ_0011385 or miR-615-5p overexpression enhanced BC cell sensitivity to DDP, repress proliferation, and expedite apoptosis rate. Circ_0011385 directly targeted miR-615-5p.</p> <p>CONCLUSION: Silencing circ_0011385 increases DDP sensitivity by targeting and up-regulating miR-615-5p expression in MCF-7/DDP.</p>Yiyi HuXiaojing YeFeng XiangLei ChenPeizhen Chen
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2024-03-122024-03-1223224324910.4314/tjpr.v23i2.2Anacardic acid inhibits the proliferation and inflammation of HaCaT cells induced by TNF-α via the regulation of NF-κB pathway
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266762
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To determine the effect of anacardic acid on HaCaT cells in vitro and to elucidate its molecular action. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>HaCaT cells were incubated in varying concentrations of anacardic acid (10 to 50 μM). To model psoriasis, the cells were treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); cell viability was gauged by CCK-8 assay. Apoptosis was determined, and Bcl-2, Bax, p65, p-p65, p-IκBα and IκBα by Western blot. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>Anacardic acid resulted in reduced HaCaT cell viability and increased cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). It also curtailed TNF-α-mediated inflammatory responses and downregulated the NF-κB signaling axis. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>The results indicate that anacardic acid impedes HaCaT cell growth and inflammatory cytokine production by interfering with NF-κB signal transduction, and may influence the development of AA-based therapies for psoriasis. </em></p>Tao LiuYuanmin HeYongmei Liao
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2024-03-122024-03-1223225125610.4314/tjpr.v23i2.3Kaempferol inhibits the proliferation and migration of Epstein-Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266763
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To assess the effect of kaempferol on the growth, apoptosis, and motility of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells, and to elucidate its mechanism of action. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>Human DLBCL cells were used to generate EBV-positive (EBV +) cell line Pfeiffer. CCK-8, colony formation, flow cytometry (FCM), and immunoblot assays were employed to determine the effects of kaempferol on the growth and apoptosis of EBV + DLBCL cells. Cell motility was evaluated by Transwell and immunoblot assays. Immunoblot assay was further conducted to unravel the mechanism of action. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>Kaempferol inhibited the growth of EBV + DLBCL cells. It also enhanced the apoptosis of EBV + DLBCL cells, but inhibited the motility of the cells. Furthermore, kaempferol inhibited PI3K/AKT axis, thereby suppressing DLBCL. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>Kaempferol inhibits the growth and motility of EBV + DLBCL cells via PI3K/AKT axis. It is therefore a potential drug for the treatment of DLBCL. </em></p>Suli LuZhen WangDae-jung Yang
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2024-03-122024-03-1223225726210.4314/tjpr.v23i2.4MiR-1224-5p reverses gefitinib resistance in non-small-cell lung cancer cells by modulating RFX5/YAP1/HIF1α axis
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266764
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To investigate the molecular pathways by which miR-1224-5p modulate RFX5/YAP1/HIF1α pathway, thereby promoting gefitinib tolerance within non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>To screen differentially expressed miR-1224-5p in NSCLC samples and predict its downstream target gene – RFX5 – by bioinformatics analysis, 60 NSCLC tissues and their corresponding paraneoplastic tissues were collected. Dual-luciferase assays were performed to verify the targeting relationship between miR-1224-5p and RFX5. Four NSCLC cell lines (A549, H1299, H2170, and H1975) and BEAS-2B normal lung epithelial cell lines were used for in vitro experiments. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and Western blotting after cycloheximide (CHX) treatment were used to determine the regulatory interaction between YAP1 and HIF1α, with YAP1 modulating HIF1α protein stability. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>In NSCLC, downregulation of miR-1224-5p was observed, which resulted in the decrease of RFX5 levels. This reduction in miR-1224-5p levels leads to a decrease in RFX5 levels. Furthermore, restoring miR-1224-5p expression in NSCLC cells made them more sensitive to gefitinib. In vitro, RFX5 elevates YAP1, which in turn boosts the stability of HIF1α. However, miR-1224-5p disrupts this mechanism by influencing the RFX5/YAP1/HIF1α pathway, thus mitigating resistance to gefitinib. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>The findings show that miR-1224-5p targets RFX5 to suppress YAP1 transcription, thereby diminishing HIF1α stability and overcoming gefitinib tolerance in NSCLC. These findings identify miR-1224-5p as a promising approach to address gefitinib tolerance in NSCLC. </em></p>Hanxu TangChunhua LiuXiangchun YuWeiwei ZhaoZexin GuYing LiuXin ZhengXiangru Meng
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2024-03-122024-03-1223226327210.4314/tjpr.v23i2.5Isoalantolactone inhibits the proliferation of human liver cancer cells by inducing intrinsic apoptosis
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266768
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To investigate isoalantolactone's potential as an anticancer agent targeting liver cancer cells and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays were employed to analyze the anti-growth effects of isoalantolactone against liver cancer cells. Cell apoptosis was studied using Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) and Annexin V-FITC/Propidium iodide (PI) staining methods. The intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were estimated using the 2’-7’-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) method. Liver cancer cell invasion was assessed through Transwell assays. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>Isoalantolactone inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of HuH7 cells by inducing apoptosis. Isoalantolactone showed IC<sub>50</sub></em> <em>of 9 μM against HuH7 liver cancer cells. The MRC-5 normal cells treated with isoalantolactone also showed loss of viability and the IC<sub>50</sub></em> <em>was estimated to be 40 μM. HuH7 cancer cells administered with isoalantolactone exhibited modulation of apoptotic marker protein expression levels. Apoptosis was shown to result from ROS elevation. Isoalantolactone also restricted liver cancer cell invasion. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>Isoalantolactone shows anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects against liver cancer cells via ROS-mediated apoptosis induction thereby making it a potential source of potent therapeutic agents against human cancer. </em></p>Wen PengXin-geng HuiLin HuoDong-xiao SunZhi-cong WuYing ZhangXiao-bing LiTian MaWen-hui LiJing LiangZhi-qiang Sun
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2024-03-122024-03-1223227327810.4314/tjpr.v23i2.6Effect of Jiawei Tangzhiqing granules on JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway and Th17/Treg ratio in diabetic nephropathy mice
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266770
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To investigate the effect of Jiawei Tangzhiqing granules on JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and Th17/Treg ratio in diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>Selected 60 male SPF C57BL/6N mice, divided into control group and DN model group; the latter was further further split into model control, Western medicine group, and three Jiawei Tangzhiqing granule groups (high, medium, and low doses). Treatments were administered orally for 12 weeks. Key health indicators and renal tissue pathology were analyzed. Th17 and Treg levels in CD4+ T cells were quantified, and JAK2 and STAT3 protein expression in renal tissues was determined via Western blot. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>Model group showed a significant decrease in body weight and increases in 24-h urine volume, food, and water consumption compared to the control group. Th17 cell count increased, and Treg cell count decreased, leading to a higher Th17: Treg ratio. Conversely, Jiawei Tangzhiqing granules reduced this effect dose-dependently, with the highest dose being more effective than irbesartan. JAK2 and STAT3 protein expressions, elevated in model group, were significantly reduced in the granule-treated groups. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>Jiawei Tangzhiqing granules alleviate renal damage in DN by suppressing JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and correcting the Th17: Treg ratio imbalance. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic role for these granules in managing DN. There is a need to find out if there is a correlation between Th17/Treg balance and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. </em></p>Yechen YuXu WangFan YangKe XingLihong RenGuangfei Xu
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2024-03-122024-03-1223227928910.4314/tjpr.v23i2.7<i>Tarantula cubensisalcohol</i> extract enhances the tumoricidal effect of capecitabine via multiple pathways in azoxymethane-induced colorectal cancer in rats
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266771
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To evaluate the effect of a combination of Tarantula cubensis alcohol extract (TCAE) and capecitabine (CAP) in the treatment of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colorectal cancer (CRC). </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>Forty-two Wistar albino rats were divided into 7 groups with 6 rats in each group. The groups consisted of Control (C), Control+TCAE (C-TCAE), Control+CAP (C-CAP), Cancer control (CC), Cancer+TCAE (CC-TCAE), Cancer+CAP (CC-CAP) and Cancer+CAP+TCAE (CC-CAP+TCAE). To induce CRC, AOM (15 mg/kg) was administered to rats subcutaneously (sc) twice at a one-week interval to all the groups except control. From the 15th week, TCAE (0.2 mL/rat sc) was administered to CC-TCAE group every 3 days for 4 weeks, and CAP (40 mg/kg/day) was administered by gavage to CC-CAP group for 4 weeks. In CC-CAP+TCAE group, TCAE (0.2 mL/rat sc) was administered every 3 days for 4 weeks, and CAP (40 mg/kg/day) was administered gavage for 4 weeks. Animals were treated for 18 weeks. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were evaluated histopathologically among CC, CC-TCAE, CC-CAP, and CC-CAP+TCAE groups. β-catenin, CD15, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), and Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression levels were immunohistochemically compared among all groups. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>Histopathologically, ACF scores were significantly increased in CC group, while a significant decrease in the relevant scores (p < 0.001) was observed in CC-CAP and CC-CAP+TCAE treatment groups, and the lowest scores were in CC-CAP+TCAE group. Immunohistochemically, in CC group, β-catenin, Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB), Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) and CD15 expressions were highly irregular. CC-CAP and CC-CAP+TCAE groups had significantly reduced expressions (p < 0.001), and the lowest expressions were in CC-CAP+TCAE group. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>The combined use of TCAE and CAP in treatment of CRC has a synergistic effect and increases the anticancer efficacy of TCAE, and CAP. More studies at the molecular level are needed in the future to demonstrate the clinical benefit of TCAE supplementation during the treatment of CRC with CAP. </em></p>Gokhan AkcakavakZeynep CelikOzhan KaratasOsman DoganOzgur OzdemirMehmet Tuzcu
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2024-03-122024-03-1223229129710.4314/tjpr.v23i2.8Effect of cinnamaldehyde on nesfatin-1 levels in diabetic rats
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266773
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To evaluate the effect of cinnamaldehyde (CA) on fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight, lipid profile, and nesfatin-1 levels in healthy and diabetic (DM) rats. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>Ten groups with eight rats per group were used. Healthy and diabetic sham groups were administered 1 mL of saline for 28 days by intragastric gavage. Healthy and diabetic control groups were administered 1 mL 0.5 % dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 28 days by intragastric gavage. Other diabetic and healthy groups (HG) received 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg CA for 28 days by intragastric gavage, once daily. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (50 mg/kg intraperitoneally). Rats were defined as diabetic when FBG was > 250 mg/dL. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess serum nesfatin-1 concentrations. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) values were evaluated with a glucometer. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>Day 28 weights of all DM and HG + 40 mg/kg CA groups were lower than day 1 weights (p < 0.05). Triglyceride values of DM + 40 mg/kg CA group were lower than DM sham and control group (p ≤ 0.001). Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol levels of the CA-administered healthy groups were higher than healthy control groups (p ≤ 0.001). Nesfatin-1 levels of all DM groups were lower than all healthy groups, and nesfatin-1 levels of all CA-administered healthy and DM groups were lower than healthy and DM sham and control groups, but these were not significant (p > 0.001). </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>Although not significant, the decrease in nesfatin-1 level is evidence that CA has an anti-obesity effect in both healthy and diabetic rats. In contrast to its antihyperlipidemic effect in diabetic conditions, CA has hyperlipidemic effect in healthy conditions. </em></p>Nazlıcan İğciNurten AkkececiMehmet BoşnakAtila YoldaşNadire Eser
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2024-03-122024-03-1223229930510.4314/tjpr.v23i2.9Anti-melanogenic effect of <i>Amaranthus tricolorextract</i> on UV radiation-exposed melanoma cells
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266775
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To determine the inhibitory effect of A. tricolor extract (ATE) on melanogenesis in UV radiation-exposed B16F10 cells. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>Total phenolic and anthocyanin contents of ATE were examined by Folin-Ciocalteu and pH differential methods, respectively. The tyrosinase inhibitory effect of ATE was investigated using L-DOPA as a substrate and the suppressive effect of ATE on melanin production was determined in melanoma cells. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH method and reactive oxygen species formation while protein expression levels were evaluated by western blot method. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>The total phenolic and anthocyanin contents were identified up to 35 mg/g extract and 0.85 mg/g extract, respectively. ATE was found to inhibit both mushroom and cellular tyrosinase at IC<sub>50</sub></em> <em>values of 242.2 ± 9.5 μg/mL and 202.9 ± 11.6 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, ATE treatment reduced melanin production up to (30 ± 5) % and suppressed p38 MAPK phosphorylation at the concentration of 400 μg/mL. In addition, ATE significantly scavenged DPPH radical with EC<sub>50</sub></em> <em>value of 189.2 ± 8.9 μg/mL and abolished ROS formation in the cells. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>These results indicate that A. tricolor extract has a potential protective effect against melanin production, suggesting its potential value in skin-lightening formulations.</em></p>Dai-Hung NgoYoung-Sang KimDai-Nghiep NgoThanh Sang Vo
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2024-03-122024-03-1223230731310.4314/tjpr.v23i2.10Anti-diabetic effect of <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i> (Red gum) leaf-supplemented diet in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266777
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To investigate the potential anti-diabetic effect of supplementing a diet with Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves in streptozotocin (STZ) induced Wistar rats. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>Methanolic extract of E. camaldulensis was screened using gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis. After that, eighteen animals were separated into three groups: Group A served as control group. Group B, the diabetic control group, was induced with STZ, and Group C was induced with STZ and fed a 10 % E. camaldulensis leaf-supplemented diet for 14 days. Thereafter, rats were sacrificed, and fasting blood was collected for serum glucose, enzyme and protein activity tests. Organs were excised for biochemical and histological analysis. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>The GC-MS fingerprint identified 17 constituents, with 2-hydroxy carbazole being the most abundant. Rats on the E. camaldulensis leaf-based diet for 14 days exhibited a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in serum glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), amylase, albumin, total bilirubin, urea, and creatinine concentrations compared to diabetic controls. Insulin levels significantly increased (p < 0.05). Additionally, the E. camaldulensis diet led to a significant decrease in serum lipid profile levels but increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities increased significantly, while malondialdehyde levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Histopathology revealed positive effects on hepatocytes, acini, pancreatic duodenal lymphoid activation, islets of Langerhans resurgence, and normal kidneys. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf-supplemented diet demonstrates anti-diabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant enzyme activities. Carbazole identified by GC-MS may be the potential anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic agent in E. camaldulensis leaf-based diet. </em></p>Patrick O UadiaChukwu O EmmanuelKelly OriakhiKate E Imafidon
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2024-03-122024-03-1223231532610.4314/tjpr.v23i2.11Exploring the mechanism of action of <i>Tripterygium wilfordii</i> Hook F in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266789
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To determine the mechanism of action of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>The active constituents and targets of TwHF were screened by searching the TCMSP, TCMIP, PharmMapper database, and BATMAN-TCM platform combined with oral bioavailability and drug-like analysis. The drug-component-target maps were drawn using the UniProt database and Cytoscape 3.9.0 software. The drug-target maps were searched in GeneCards, OMIM, TTD, PharmGKB, and DrugBank databases to obtain the predicted targets of RA, Venn diagrams were drawn to derive the common targets of TwHF components and RA and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, GO enrichment as well as KEGG pathway analyses were performed. The potential binding activities between the active constituents of TwHF and the targets were predicted using molecular docking. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>Seven active components and 131 potential targets were found for TwHF while RA had 4,917 related targets. However, TwHF and RA had 87 common targets. The target genes obtained from the PPI network include tumor necrosis factor (TNF), p53 tumor protein (TP53) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). The GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis yielded 336 results and 121 signal pathways, respectively. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F therapy for RA may be a multi-component, multi-target and multi-signal pathway biological process, which may regulate VEGFA, TNF, TP53 and other targets and also exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions amongst others. Future studies should determine the relationship of the identified targets in vivo to produce alternative treatments for RA. </em></p>Feng LuoXue-Mei YuanHong XiongCong HuangChang-Ming ChenWu-Kai MaXue-Ming Yao
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2024-03-122024-03-1223232733710.4314/tjpr.v23i2.12Network pharmacology and molecular docking studies on the mechanism of action of moist exposed burn ointment for treatment of diabetic foot ulcer
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266791
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To investigate the bioactive components and mechanism of action of moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO) for treatment of diabetic foot ulcers using network pharmacology (NP) and molecular docking technology </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>Through pharmacology database of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) systems (TCMSP), analysis platform and symptom mapping (SymMap) database, the bioactive components of MEBO were screened for and protein binding to bioactive components was predicted. Proteins related to Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) were collected from GeneCards, OMIM, PharmGkb and TTD disease databases. With R language software, the binding proteins of bioactive components of MEBO intersected with the proteins related to occurrence of DFU. Proteins of DFU linked to treatment with MEBO were subjected to analysis using gene ontology (GO) and KEGG with R language software. AutoDock and PyMOL software were employed to dock active components of MEBO and major proteins of DFU. Targeted binding potential of bioactive compounds in MEBO to core proteins of DFU was analyzed. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>One hundred and five (105) bioactive ingredients and 246 likely therapeutic proteins were obtained. Proteins were mainly involved in biological processes in wound healing, oxidative stress, and lipopolysaccharide. The enriched signaling pathway focused on lipid metabolism and the process of atherosclerosis which involved PI3K and Akt, advanced glycation end-products (AGE)-receptor (RAGE) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The absolute values of these proteins were screened out with a docking score greater than 5 kcal/mol. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>The biological effects of MEBO are related to multiple proteins and multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, healing effect of MEBO on DFU occurs via multiple pathways. The biological characteristics of MEBO need to be fully elucidated in further studies. </em></p>Yu ZhouYi LiTianqi ZhangTing LuoYing LiuBiaoliang Wu
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2024-03-122024-03-1223233934710.4314/tjpr.v23i2.13Effect of complex micronutrient supplement and vitamin D as adjunct to insulin therapy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266792
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To determine the effect of complex micronutrient supplements and vitamin D as adjunct therapy on pancreatic function, oxidative stress, glucose metabolism and pregnancy outcomes in patients diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>100 GDM patients admitted to Hangzhou Linping District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, China between March 2022 and February 2023, were randomly allocated to control and study groups (50 patients each). Control group received insulin injections, whereas study group received complex micronutrients with vitamin D as supplements to insulin. Differences in terms of pancreatic function (homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), homeostatic model assessment-beta-cell function index (HOMA-β)), oxidative stress (total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA)), glucose metabolism indicators (fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)) and pregnancy outcomes was assessed. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>After treatment, both groups showed reductions in serum levels of FBG, 2hPG and HbA1c, but study group exhibited a considerably greater decrease (p < 0.05). In addition, study group had lower HOMA-IR and MDA levels as well as higher HOMA-β and TAC levels (p < 0.05). Negative delivery outcomes occurred less frequently in study group than in control group (p < 0.05). </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>Complex micronutrient supplements (rich in magnesium, calcium, and zinc) in combination with vitamin D as adjunct to insulin treatment effectively reduce pancreatic function and oxidative stress, significantly control blood glucose levels and lower the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients. Further studies will be required in a larger more diverse population to determine the mechanism of enhancing pancreatic function. </em></p>Fan FuJuan YuLulu Wang
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2024-03-122024-03-1223234935410.4314/tjpr.v23i2.14Efficacy of calcitriol in the treatment of patients with renal osteodystrophy
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266793
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To investigate the efficacy and prognosis of calcitriol in patients with renal osteodystrophy (ROD). </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>60 patients with ROD admitted to The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China between June 2020 and June 2021 were randomly grouped into control (n = 30) and study groups (n = 30). Patients in control group received routine management study group was treated with routine management plus calcitriol. The treatment duration was six months. Serological markers (parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (Pi)), renal function indices (blood creatinine (SCr), urea nitrogen (BUN), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)), as well as patients’ skeletal conditions of the spine, pelvis, and extremities were investigated. Additionally, postoperative complications and clinical efficacy were also evaluated. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>Study group showed significant improvement in serological markers compared to control group (p < 0.05). Also, study group had significantly reduced SCr, BUN, and ALP levels (p < 0.05) compared to control group. There was significantly reduced incidence of complications and better skeletal conditions in study group compared to control group (p < 0.05). </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>Calcitriol effectively mitigates blood-bone mechanism dysfunction and reduces the occurrence of complications in patients with ROD. However, factors such as Scr, Hb, and blood pressure affect the clinical efficacy of calcitriol on renal bone disease by mechanisms that will be investigated in the future. </em></p>Haitao JiangXiaoming TangCheng ZhangJian DaiHaiyuan Lu
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2024-03-122024-03-1223235536110.4314/tjpr.v23i2.15Evaluation of propofol and remifentanil combination for controlled hypotension during anesthesia in pediatric nasal endoscopic surgery
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266794
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To investigate the safety and efficacy of propofol in combination with remifentanil for controlled hypotension during pediatric nasal endoscopic surgery. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>The study involved 30 patients who underwent controlled hypotension measures with remifentanil during the operation (study group), and 30 patients who did not receive controlled hypotension measures (control group). Various parameters including vital signs, operation time, intraoperative bleeding, surgical field quality, anesthesia quality, postoperative recovery time, adverse reaction rate, pain scores, and serum C-reactive protein levels were compared between the two groups. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>The results revealed a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure and heart rate in the study group during the operation compared to control group. Moreover, study group exhibited improved operation time, reduced intraoperative bleeding, and better surgical field quality compared to control group. Pain scores and serum C-reactive protein levels were also lower in the study group. However, there were no significant differences in recovery time, anesthesia quality, postoperative adverse reaction rate, or cognitive function between the two groups. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>Propofol in combination with remifentanil for controlled hypotension is a safe and effective anesthesia approach for pediatric nasal endoscopic surgery. Future studies will require larger sample size from different study centers to improve the robustness of the findings of this study. </em></p>Siyao LiMin YeXingxu Wang
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2024-03-122024-03-1223236336910.4314/tjpr.v23i2.16Effect of modified Buyang huanwu decoction on hemorheology, myocardial remodeling, serum soluble CD40 ligand and serum soluble P-selectin in patients with acute myocardial infarctionafter percutaneous coronary intervention
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266795
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To investigate the effect of modified Buyang Huanwu decoction on hemorheology and myocardial remodeling in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after conventional percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and its relationship with serum levels of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and soluble P-selectin (sP-sel). </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>After PCI, 80 patients seen from February 2021 to February 2022 in Shijiazhuang Fourth Hospital, China with AMI were enrolled in the study. Subjects were assigned to study and control groups. Control group received standard conventional medical treatments, while study group received modified Buyang Huanwu decoction, in addition to the same standard treatment, orally twice a day (morning and night) for 3 months). The effect of modified Buyang Huanwu decoction was determined by comparing the post-treatment clinical outcomes and levels of hemorheology indices and myocardial remodeling-associated indices (myocardial injury markers) in both groups of patients. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>The clinical outcome in study group was significantly better, and the hemorheology indices were significantly improved when compared to control subjects (p < 0.05). Serum levels of myocardial injury markers (cardiac troponin (cTnI), cardiac markers (CRP), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)), and inflammatory markers (sCD40L and sP-sel) in study group were significantly decreased to varying degrees, relative to control group (p < 0.05). </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>Modified Buyang Huanwu decoction reduces inflammatory marker levels, cardiac inflammatory response and myocardial remodeling, and improves the prognosis of AMI in patients after PCI. Therefore, it may be beneficial to develop other methods for treating acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention. </em></p>Juanxia LiFanhua MengXiaoxu LiXingrui ZhengHua ShiXiaolong LiHaijun Zhao
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2024-03-122024-03-1223237137810.4314/tjpr.v23i2.17Clinical effectiveness of combined Bifidobacterium live bacteria preparation and entecavir therapy in the management of Hepatitis B cirrhosis
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266796
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To investigate the efficacy of combining Bifidobacterium live bacteria preparation with entecavir in the treatment of hepatitis B cirrhosis and its effect on cytokines and liver function. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>88 patients with HBV-induced cirrhosis admitted to Qinzhou People’s Hospital, Qinzhou, China between January 2021 and January 2023 were divided into control and study groups with 44 patients each. Control group received entecavir, while study group received Bifidobacterium live bacteria preparation in addition to entecavir. Clinical treatment outcomes, liver function, liver fibrosis, immune function, and inflammatory cytokine indices were compared between the two groups. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>There was a significant increase in total effective rate of treatment in study group (95.45 %) compared to control group (79.55 %; p < 0.05). After treatment, the study group showed significantly lower levels of alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP), and type IV collagen (IV-C), and higher levels of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ compared to control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, study group exhibited significantly lower levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and HS-CRP after treatment compared to control group (p < 0.05). </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>The combined use of Bifidobacterium live bacteria preparation and entecavir in treating HBV-induced cirrhosis demonstrates significant clinical improvement. This combined approach effectively enhances liver function, improves immune response reduces inflammation and liver fibrosis. Hence, in future studies, efforts will be directed towards improving absorption and reducing the metabolism/excretion of the drug to validate these findings. </em></p>Rongquan LiuJie ZhangKai WangYun Qian
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2024-03-122024-03-1223237938610.4314/tjpr.v23i2.18Effect of dapagliflozin on blood glucose control, cardiac function, and myocardial injury markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266797
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To investigate the impact of dapagliflozin treatment on blood glucose control, cardiac function, and myocardial injury markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>In a retrospective analysis of clinical data for 132 patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure admitted to Beijing Tongren Hospital, China from January 2020 to June 2021, these patients were stratified into two groups (66 patients each). Control group received conventional pharmacotherapy and study group received additional treatment with dapagliflozin. Both treatment courses lasted for 6 months. The levels of blood glucose control, cardiac function, and myocardial injury markers before and after 6 months of treatment were compared between the two groups, as well as safety during treatment. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>After 6 months of treatment, both groups exhibited significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial glucose (2 h PG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme activity (CK-MB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) score, with study group showing a greater improvement (p < 0.05). </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>Dapagliflozin enhances blood glucose control and cardiac function, improving quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure. Furthermore, Dapagliflozin demonstrates a safe and well-tolerated profile. Future studies will require establishing the mechanism of dapagliflozin action in a larger and more diverse population. </em></p>Xin LiuYingxin Zhao
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2024-03-122024-03-1223238739210.4314/tjpr.v23i2.19Effect of furosemide combined with continuous renal replacement therapy on cardiorenal function and inflammatory response in patients with chronic renal and heart failure after hemodialysis
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266798
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To determine the effect of furosemide combined with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) on cardiorenal function and inflammatory response in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and heart failure after hemodialysis. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>130 patients with both CRF and heart failure, who underwent hemodialysis at the Second Hospital Affiliated to Hainan Medical College, China, from October 2020 to October 2022 were recruited as study subjects. They were randomly divided into two groups, with control group administered the Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) while study group received furosemide in addition. The study assessed the clinical outcomes, cardiorenal function and inflammatory factors before and after treatment. Additionally, adverse reactions during treatment were documented for both groups. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>Study group exhibited a significantly higher (p < 0.001) total response rate compared to control group. Post-treatment, both groups displayed significant increases (p < 0.05) in left ventricular ejection fraction, cardiac output and stroke volume, with study group showing significantly superior results (p < 0.05). Furthermore, post-treatment, both groups experienced significant reductions (p < 0.05) in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and 24-hour urinary protein levels, with study group displaying significantly lower levels (p < 0.05). Additionally, the interleukin-6, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α levels decreased significantly in both groups post-treatment, with study group exhibiting significantly lower levels (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in adverse reaction incidence between the two groups. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>Furosemide combined with CRRT significantly improves cardiorenal function and reduces inflammatory response in patients with CRF and heart failure after hemodialysis. Future research could optimize dosage and administration protocols, explore long-term effects and assess applicability in diverse patient populations. </em></p>Yuxiang PanShanshan YangJinguo Li
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2024-03-122024-03-1223239339910.4314/tjpr.v23i2.20Trends and types of dietary supplement usage amongst people visiting fitness centers in the Northern Border Region of Saudi Arabia
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266799
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To determine the trends in dietary supplement (DS) usage and its socio-demographic determinants amongst fitness centre users in Arar, Saudi Arabia. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>This cross-sectional survey was conducted among people visiting different fitness centers in Arar, Saudi Arabia, between December 2022 and March 2023. The sample comprised 150 people (male and female) aged ≥ 18 years, who completed a self-administered questionnaire. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>More than half (63.3 %) of the gym users regularly used DS, while the rest used DS occasionally. Young age (p < 0.001), female gender (p = 0.04), higher educational level (p = 0.006), single status (p = 0.001) and schooling (p < 0.001) had significant positive correlations with regular DS use, relative to occasional use. The most important reason for using DS was recommendation by physician (30.7 %), while the most common supplements used were multivitamins (alone or in combination with other drugs; 39.3 %). The participants were well-versed in the supportive role of DS, as well as the risks and adverse effects related to DS overuse. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>The prevalence of DS usage is high among Saudi fitness center attendees, and it was significantly associated with socio-demographic and lifestyle variables. Furthermore, there are high levels of awareness among participants regarding the benefits and negative effects of DS. </em></p>Nida SuhailAnshoo AgarwalBaraah Tomah Abu AlselTehreem Aftab
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2024-03-122024-03-1223240140810.4314/tjpr.v23i2.21Short-term efficacy of oxaliplatin as interventional therapy for liver cancer, and its effect on serum CD163 and AFU
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266801
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To investigate the short-term effectiveness of oxaliplatin in the interventional treatment of liver cancer, and its effect on serum CD163 and α-L-glucosidase (AFU). </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>Eighty liver carcinoma patients treated in The Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China from January 2022 to January 2023 were allotted to 2 cohorts (each with 40 patients). Subjects in control group were treated with hepatic Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE), while study group was treated with combination of hepatic TACE and oxaliplatin. Efficacy, serological indicators, health status and cancer-related fatigue were determined and compared between both cohorts. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>DCR was significantly higher in study group than in the control. There were significantly reduced post-treatment amounts of CYFRA21-1, CA125 and VGEF in the study cohort, relative to pre-treatment and control levels (p < 0.05). Post-treatment values of CD4+/CD8+ and CD4+ were significantly low, relative to levels before treatment, while CD8+ in both groups were significantly increased after treatment (p < 0.05). However, post-treatment T lymphocyte level was comparable in both groups. There was significantly higher post-treatment KPS score in study cohort than pre-treatment and control scores, but RPFS score was significantly reduced, relative to the corresponding pre-treatment and control scores. Post-treatment serum amounts of CD163 and AFU were significantly down-regulated in both cohorts, with lower levels in the study cohort. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>The combined use of liver TACE and oxaliplatin produces good clinical outcome in the treatment of liver cancer. It is beneficial in reducing serum levels of CD163 and AFU, inhibits proliferation of tumor cells, reduces tumor volume, and improves cancer prognosis in patients. </em></p>Sen ZhaoLiang WangJiadong XiaLin Liu
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2024-03-122024-03-1223240941410.4314/tjpr.v23i2.22Efficacy of cerebroxin capsules combined with aspirin in prevention of post-ischemic stroke in patients treated with thrombolysis
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266815
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To analyze the efficacy of Cerebro-Cardiac capsules combined with aspirin for secondary prevention in post-ischemic stroke patients treated with thrombolysis, and also to explore its clinical application value. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>224 ischemic stroke patients in the outpatient clinic of Changsha First Hospital, China from June 2022 to December 2022 were randomly divided into treatment and control groups, with 112 patients per group. Both groups were given oral aspirin (100 mg/daily) but treatment group received cerebroxin capsules (four capsules, three times daily) in addition. The types of recurrent strokes, clinical efficacy, NIHSS score scale, modified Barthel index, levels of fibrinogen and plasma viscosity, total cholesterol and triacylglycerol were assessed and compared between the groups. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>During the 6-month follow-up, 10 patients in treatment group and 12 patients in control group experienced dislodgment, and 202 cases completed treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Treatment group showed a higher effective rate (92 %) compared to control group (75 %), with a statistically significant difference in clinical symptom efficacy (p < 0.05). Hemodynamic parameters were significantly better in treatment group than in control group (p < 0.05). Both groups exhibited improved total cholesterol levels, triacylglycerol levels and modified Barthel index post-treatment. Treatment group had better NIHSS scores and Barthel index than control group (p < 0.05), while their triacylglycerol levels were lower (p < 0.05). </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusions: </em></strong><em>Cerebroxin capsules combined with aspirin improve the symptomatic effect of thrombolytic therapy in patients after ischemic stroke with high safety profile. Analysis of the effect of this combination in an increased sample size and a longer follow-up period will be required in the future. </em></p>Jiaqi WangHong Tan
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2024-03-122024-03-1223241542110.4314/tjpr.v23i2.23Efficacy and safety of combining ginkgolide diterpene glucosamine injection with dual antibodies in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266802
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To investigate the clinical effects and safety of ginkgo biloba diterpene lactone glucosamine injection, combined with dual antibiotic therapy for acute ischemic stroke in elderly individuals within a hyper thrombolytic time window. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>100 elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke at Changsha First Hospital, Changsha, China from March 2022 to March 2023 were randomly and equally assigned to study and control groups (50 patients each). Study group received aspirin and clopidogrel, while control group received ginkgo biloba diterpene lactone glucosamine injection along with dual antibodies. Clinical efficacy, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) score, cerebral hemodynamics, and safety were compared between the two groups. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>There was no significant difference in effective rate between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, following treatment, study group showed superior NIHSS and IADL scores compared to control group, with greater statistical significance as the disease progressed. Doppler ultrasound revealed that study group had smaller Pulsatility index (PI) values and larger mean cerebral artery blood flow velocity (Vm), and systolic value (Vs) compared to control group (p < 0.05). In study group, three adverse reactions were reported (gastrointestinal discomfort, abnormal liver/kidney function, and skin itching), whereas the control group experienced five adverse reactions (gastrointestinal discomfort, abnormal liver/kidney function, dizziness, and skin itching). </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>The combination of Ginkgo biloba diterpene lactone glucosamine injection and dual antibodies in elderly individuals with acute ischemic stroke within a super thrombolytic time window enhances intracerebral blood flow levels, effectively promotes neurological recovery, improves daily living abilities, and safety. Further research is needed to elucidate the exact pathways involved. </em></p>Jiaqi WangHong Tan
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2024-03-122024-03-1223242342810.4314/tjpr.v23i2.24Efficacy of Kirin pill plus vitamin CE and coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of ovarian reserve hypofunction
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266803
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To investigate the efficacy of Kirin pill plus vitamin CE and coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>145 patients with ovarian reserve hypofunction hospitalized in Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang City, China from March 2019 to March 2022 were recruited and assigned randomly to receive either vitamin CE and coenzyme Q10 (control group), or vitamin CE and coenzyme Q10 plus Kirin pills (study group). The parameters/indices determined include menstrual recovery, clinical efficacy, sex hormone and serum anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) levels, changes in the number of ovarian sinus follicles, and levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) observed among baseline data, pre-treatment sex hormones, serum AMH, ovarian antral follicle count, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell levels. After the intervention, administration of the Kirin pill resulted in significantly lower serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and FSH/luteinizing hormone (LH), elevated AMH levels, and better LH and estradiol (E2) levels in patients compared to the administration of vitamin CE and coenzyme Q10 (control group). The study group also showed superior ovarian reserve function and more ovarian basal sinus follicles than the control group (p < 0.05). </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>Kirin pill plus vitamin CE and coenzyme Q10 treatment regimen optimizes the ovarian reserve function of patients with DOR infertility by improving basal sex hormones, menstrual cycle and menstrual volume, AMH and ovarian basal sinus follicle count. Further clinical trials are required prior to application in clinical practice. </em></p>Ling ZhengKuo LiuYue WangHui Mei
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2024-03-122024-03-1223242943610.4314/tjpr.v23i2.25A clinical study on the risk and safety profiles of NSAIDs used for osteoporotic fractures in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266805
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To investigate the risk and safety profile of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for osteoporotic fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>298 RA patients admitted to The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, China from August 2020 to September 2022, were investigated. Patients were assigned to groups based on drugs used viz: control group received anti-rheumatic drugs other than NSAIDs; corticosteroid group received dexamethasone, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) groups received sulfasalazine, NSAID group received either diclofenac or ibuprofen etc. Each group of patients received the respective treatment frequently for at least 3 years. The primary outcome in this study was the incidence of osteoporotic fracture resulting from fragile bone and deterioration of bone mass. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>The incidence of osteoporotic fracture was highest in NSAID group (11.58 %) when compared to 5.44, 4.96, and 2.36 % in the corticosteroid, DMARD and control groups, respectively (p < 0.05). This shows that users of NSAIDs had a 5-fold higher risk of osteoporotic fracture than patients in control group (OR = 1.26 (95 % CI: 1.22 - 1.81)) and 2-fold possibility of osteoporotic fracture when compared to corticosteroid users ((OR = 1.46 (95 % CI: 1.57 - 2.32)) and DMARD users (1.83 (95 % CI: 1.26 - 1.67)). </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>Rheumatoid arthritis patients on NSAIDs such as celecoxib, diclofenac, ibuprofen, indomethacin, and oxaprozin are at risk of developing osteoporotic fracture. Therefore, NSAIDs must be used with proper counseling in RA patients to minimize the risk of osteoporotic fracture. In future, the study duration will need to be extended to determine the long-term effects and potential changes in bone properties. </em></p>Jianxiang ZhuZengbing XiaJikang MinWenlin HuHeng LiChao Mei
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2024-03-122024-03-1223243744510.4314/tjpr.v23i2.26Comparative renoprotection: Sacubitril/valsartan versus ACEI or ARB -A systematic review and meta-analysis
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266806
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To evaluate the renoprotective effect of sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val) against angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB). </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>Following PRISMA guidelines, a thorough search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was performed up to May 18, 2023. Eligibility criteria included prospective, randomized, controlled trials comparing sac/Val and ACEI/ARB with regard to renal outcomes. Data extraction and quality assessment were undertaken independently by two reviewers. Fixed or random effects models were used depending on the heterogeneity among studies. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the presence or absence of heart failure. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>Eleven trials with varied patient populations and clinical settings were included. The meta-analysis revealed that Sac/Val exhibited a significantly reduced risk of renal function decline compared to ACEI/ARB (Risk Ratio (RR) = 0.86, 95 % Confidence Interval (CI) (0.78, 0.96), p = 0.016). Subgroup analysis showed that the renoprotective effect was significant in patients with heart failure (RR = 0.84, 95 % CI (0.75, 0.94), p = 0.011), but not in non-heart failure patients (RR = 1.04, 95 % CI (0.80, 1.37), p = 0.66). </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusions: </em></strong><em>This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that Sac/Val confers substantial renoprotective effect compared with ACEI/ARB, particularly among heart failure patients. However, further research is required to elaborate on the full potential of Sac/Val as a nephroprotective agent. </em></p>Jingtao YangChen LiCong LuJun Cheng
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2024-03-122024-03-1223244745610.4314/tjpr.v23i2.27Effect of target-controlled infusion of remifentanil in combination with propofol on anesthesia and endotracheal intubation response in patients undergoing surgical aneurysm clipping
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266808
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To investigate the effect of target-controlled infusion of remifentanil in combination with propofol on anesthesia and endotracheal intubation response in patients undergoing surgical aneurysm clipping. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>The clinical data of 106 patients undergoing surgical aneurysm clipping at the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan City, China from September 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Subjects in control group were given fentanyl intravenous infusion anesthesia while study group was treated with target-controlled infusion anesthesia of remifentanil combined with propofol. Hemodynamics and blood-gas indices were evaluated before anesthesia (T1), immediately after endotracheal intubation (T2) and at extubation (T3). The incidence of anesthesia-related complications was determined. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>In study group, the agitation score was decreased compared to that of control group, while the Ramsay sedation score was increased (p < 0.05). The incidence of cough during endotracheal catheter indwelling and extubation was 7. 27 % in study group, which was less than 21. 57 % in control group (p < 0.05). The cough score of study group was also reduced (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the SpO<sub>2</sub></em> <em>and PetCO<sub>2</sub></em> <em>values between the two groups at different times (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the mean arterial pressure at T2 and T3 was upregulated and heart rate (HR) was downregulated in study group (p < 0.05). Recovery time of spontaneous respiration, time of eye-opening and extubation in study group were decreased compared to control group (p < 0.05). </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>Target-controlled infusion of remifentanil in combination with propofol improves anesthetic effect in patients undergoing surgical aneurysm clipping, reduces tracheal intubation reaction, maintains hemodynamic stability and improves recovery quality of patients. Future study will be required to evaluate the efficacy and optimal effective concentration in a diverse population. </em></p>Shijie YangYaqin WuJingli ChenShenghua Li
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2024-03-122024-03-1223245746310.4314/tjpr.v23i2.28Effect of Mingmu nourishing cream on asthenopia
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266812
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To assess the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Mingmu nourishing cream in asthenopia. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>This study retrospectively analyzed data from 124 patients who were treated for asthenopia in the Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China from January 2015 to January 2018. Patients were divided into control group (n = 63; received conventional eye drops) and study group (n = 61; received Mingmu nourishing cream in addition to control group treatment). The ocular symptom scores and tear secretion test (Schirmer's I test (SIT)) were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Furthermore, the clinical efficacy of Mingmu nourishing cream in the treatment of asthenopia was evaluated. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>The differences in SIT, conjunctival congestion classification and ocular symptoms between the two groups after treatment were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Moreover, the rate of total therapeutic efficacy in the study group was 86.9 % (53/61), which was significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>Mingmu nourishing cream significantly improves symptoms and exhibits favourable tolerability profile. Multi-center large sample study is needed for further verifications of the findings of this study. </em></p>Wenting LeiHuiling Ge
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2024-03-122024-03-1223246547110.4314/tjpr.v23i2.29Efficacy of sodium creatine phosphate in pediatric viral myocarditis and cellular immune functions
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/266813
<p><strong><em>Purpose: </em></strong><em>To investigate the effectiveness of sodium creatine phosphate (SCP) in pediatric viral myocarditis, and cellular immune functions. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>Clinical data of 83 children with viral myocarditis admitted to Dezhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, China between May 2019 and June 2021 were collected and randomly assigned to control (n = 41) and study groups (n = 42). Control group (CNG) received conventional treatment for 14 days, including intravenous drip of sodium fructose diphosphate, vitamin C, and ribavirin, with the addition of prednisone if necessary. Study group (SG) received SCP in addition to conventional treatment for 14 days. Clinical efficacy, cardiac function, inflammatory and immune markers, myocardial injury, and adverse effects at the end of treatment were determined. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>Results indicated a significantly higher total effective rate in study group (95.24 %) compared to control group (78.05 %) (p < 0.05). Study group demonstrated significantly lower heart rates and improved cardiac output, stroke volume, and left ventricular ejection fraction after 14 days of treatment compared to control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, study group exhibited significant reduction in levels of inflammatory markers (p < 0.05), enhanced cellular immune markers (p < 0.05), and reduced myocardial injury and remodeling markers (p < 0.05). Both groups showed similar incidence of adverse reactions. </em></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>Sodium creatine phosphate (SCP) is effective in treating pediatric viral myocarditis, enhances cardiac function, restores cellular immune function, reduces inflammation, and minimizes myocardial damage and remodeling. There will be need to evaluate the long-term efficacy and prognosis of SCP in treating pediatric viral myocarditis in the future. </em></p>Xinhong LiuJunhua LiRui LiHongbo ZhangKeya Chen
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2024-03-122024-03-1223247348010.4314/tjpr.v23i2.30