Watershed Disturbance and its Potential Effects on River Systems in the Okyeman Traditional Area of Ghana: The Case of Atewa Range Forest Reserve

Abstract

The Atewa Range Forest Reserve in the Eastern Region of Ghana is a very important watershed which serves three important river systems - the Densu, Ayensu and Birim, all in southern Ghana. Widespread degradation of the forest reserve as a result of rampant anthropogenic activities threatens the long-term sustainability of these water bodies. The study examined local dependence on products from the forest reserve and its effects on the watershed with the view to highlighting the magnitude of the exploitation in order to inform policy makers and planners on the need to protect this strategic watershed. Data for the study was collected through literature search and questionnaire administration of seven communities involving 76 respondents within the vicinity of the reserve. The findings revealed that not only do the local people exploit the Atewa Range Forest Reserve products like timber, fuel wood and bushmeat for home consumption but they also trade in these products. Incomes derived from the sale of forest products in the seven communities within a year was estimated at US$ 84,014.22 which is very significant. The findings also revealed that a major reason for the high local dependence on the reserve is the demand pressure not only from the neighbouring communities but the travelling public who patronize the forest product from hawkers by the roadside. The study concluded by reiterating the strategic importance of the Atewa Range Forest Reserve as a watershed, and suggested the need for all concerned to protect it against all forms of disturbance.