West African Journal of Industrial and Academic Research

Drug abuse and athletics: Implications in adolescent and youth adjustment problems

Jude Chikezie Nwakamma — 2026-06-05

The rapid evolution of information technology has driven libraries to explore innovative methods to leverage advanced technological breakthroughs like Blockchain. This opinion research examined the potential of blockchain technology in transforming library services, focusing on its decentralized, transparent, and safe data management capabilities. The study was necessitated by the need to address challenges related to data integrity, copyright management, and user privacy in libraries. The purpose of this research is to explore the applications, benefits, and challenges of integrating blockchain technology into library operations. The issues discussed in this research include the potential of blockchain technology to enhance data security, improve transparency, and streamline library operations. The researchers employed an analytical approach to discuss the issues raised in this research. The researchers highlighted on the benefits of blockchain technology in areas such as digital preservation, intellectual property management, and interlibrary loan systems. The findings indicated that blockchain technology has the potential to significantly enhance efficiency and security across numerous facets of library services. Based on these findings, the researchers recommended that Libraries should invest in developing blockchain-based systems to enhance data security and transparency, and Librarians should receive training on blockchain technology to effectively integrate it into library operations.

Human rights abuses in Nigerian correctional facilities in the 21st century: Challenges and reforms

Eluchie-Chike Eluchie-Chike — 2026-06-05

The persistent problem of human rights abuses in Nigerian correctional facilities necessitated this study. It highlighted the need to examine the challenges and proposed reforms. The purpose of this research was to investigate human rights abuses in Nigerian correctional facilities. It explored the challenges faced by inmates and proposed reforms to address these issues. This study employed a qualitative research approach in analyzing existing literature and reports from human rights organizations. The study discussed issues such as overcrowding, poor living conditions, inadequate access to healthcare, and torture in Nigerian correctional facilities. Despite these challenges, the Nigerian government has initiated reforms, including the establishment of modern custodial facilities and rehabilitation programs. The findings revealed that human rights abuses persist in Nigerian correctional facilities, with ongoing challenges related to overcrowding, inadequate infrastructure, and lack of access to justice. Based on the findings, one key recommendation is that the Nigerian government should prioritize the implementation of non-custodial measures and judicial reforms to alleviate overcrowding and enhance rehabilitative outcomes in correctional facilities.

Exploring career counseling interventions and Nigerian Universities students' career decision-making in an era of depressed economy

Ngozi Duru — 2026-06-05

The depressed economy has heightened the need for effective career counseling interventions in Nigerian Universities. This study explored career counseling interventions and Nigerian Universities students' career decision-making, addressing the dearth of research in this context. The researchers employed an analytical method to discuss and analyze the issues raised in the research which include the impact of economic downturn on career choices, the role of career counselors in enhancing career decision-making, and the challenges of delivering career counseling services in a resource-constrained environment. The findings indicated that career counseling interventions significantly improved students' career decision-making, thus demonstrating increased career confidence and clarity. Unlike previous studies, this research highlighted the importance of contextualizing career counseling interventions within Nigeria's unique economic landscape. The study's findings have significant implications for policymakers, educators, and practitioners seeking to support students' career development in resource-constrained environments. Based on the findings, the researchers recommended that Universities should reemphasize the integration of career counseling services into their curricu

Assessment of solar energy potential in arid regions: A case study of Nigeria’s Sahara Desert

Emmanuela Ohanele ff — 2026-06-05

This study assesses the solar energy potential in arid regions, with a focus on Nigeria's Sahara Desert. The research evaluates the solar radiation patterns, identifies the most suitable locations for solar energy harnessing, and examines the challenges and opportunities for solar energy development in the region. The researchers employed meteorological analysis to decipher stakeholder interviews and field observations. Results shown that Nigeria's Sahara Desert had received high solar radiation, with an average daily radiation of 6.5kWh/m², making it an ideal location for solar energy production. However, the study also identified several challenges, including infrastructure constraints, policy gaps, and environmental concerns. The study recommended the development of a comprehensive solar energy policy, investment in infrastructure, and the promotion of public-private partnerships to harness the region's solar energy potential. The findings of this study provided valuable insights for policymakers, investors, and stakeholders seeking to develop solar energy in arid regions

Effectiveness of virtual reality in enhancing English language learning outcomes: A 21st Century Approach

Chima Stella Chigaemezu — 2026-06-05

The integration of technology in language learning has gained momentum in recent years, with virtual reality (VR) emerging as a promising tool for enhancing English language outcomes. This opinion research paper examined the effectiveness of VR in improving English language skills, exploring its potential as a 21st-century approach to language learning. A review of existing literature and expert opinions highlights VR's immersive and interactive nature, which can increase learner engagement, motivation, and language retention. Key areas of application include vocabulary acquisition, grammar development, and speaking skills improvement. The paper discussed how VR can cater to diverse learning styles, provide authentic language contexts, and offer real-time feedback. Challenges and limitations, such as accessibility, cost, and technical issues, are also examined. Findings suggested that VR could be an effective tool for enhancing English language outcomes, particularly in developing speaking skills and promoting learner autonomy. The paper concluded with recommendations for educators, policymakers, and stakeholders on integrating VR into language learning contexts, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches and ongoing evaluation. This research contributed to the growing body of literature on technology-enhanced language learning, highlighting VR's potential to revolutionize English language teaching and learning.

Impact of artificial intelligence on English language teaching: A critical analysis

Chima Stella Chigaemezu — 2026-06-05

The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed various sectors, including education, prompting this critical analysis of its impact on English language teaching. The increasing integration of AI tools in language classrooms necessitated this research, which aimed to explore AI's potential benefits and challenges in enhancing English language instruction. This study examined AI's role in English language teaching, focusing on four key areas: personalized learning, automated feedback, language assessment, and teacher-student interaction. Employing an analytical approach, the researcher deciphered issues surrounding AI's impact on language teaching, including concerns about bias, equity, and teacher displacement. Findings suggested that AI can enhance English language teaching by providing personalized learning experiences, improving feedback mechanisms, and streamlining assessment processes. However, challenges like ensuring equity, addressing bias, and upskilling teachers must be addressed. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended that educators and policymakers develop AI literacy, ensure inclusive AI implementation, and prioritize teacher training to harness AI's potential in English language teaching.

Mathematical modeling of Malaria transmission dynamics in Sub- Saharan Africa: A Nigerian perspective

Bieni Raphael Ejime — 2026-06-05

Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa, with Nigeria bearing a substantial burden of the disease. This opinion research paper explored mathematical modeling of malaria transmission dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on Nigeria. The study investigated how mathematical models can inform malaria control strategies, highlighting applications in predicting transmission patterns, evaluating intervention effectiveness, and identifying high-risk populations. A review of existing literature and expert opinions highlights the potential of mathematical models to support malaria elimination efforts in Nigeria. Key areas of application include assessing vector control interventions, optimizing resource allocation, and forecasting disease outbreaks. The paper discussed challenges and limitations of mathematical modeling in the Nigerian context, such as data scarcity, model uncertainty, and limited institutional capacity. Findings suggested mathematical models can play a crucial role in malaria control and elimination in Nigeria by providing data-driven insights and policy-relevant information. The paper concluded with recommendations for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders on harnessing mathematical modeling to support malaria control efforts in Nigeria and Sub-Saharan Africa.The research contributed to the growing body of literature on malaria modeling, highlighting the potential of mathematical techniques to inform malaria control strategies in resource-limited settings.

Effect of stochastic migration on an HIV/AIDS transmission model

Pius C Achugamonu — 2026-06-05

We developed a mathematical model of HIV/AIDs on varying population in [1]. In this paper we considered the effect of stochastic migrating into the susceptible class of the developed model. A system of stochastic ordinary differential equations (SODEs) was then formulated and this was analyzed. Also the Fokker-Planck equation,

∂P(x,t)/∂t = -∂/∂x [A(x,t) P(x,t)] + ∂²/∂x² [B(x,t) P(x,t)]

was used to transform the system into a system of deterministic partial differential equation. This latter equation was analyzed and it was shown that the stochastic migration has no significant effect on the model.
Conclusion: From the analysis of the effect of stochastic migration into the susceptible class of the HIV/AIDS model in [1], several important results emerge. First, when the natural mortality rate is zero—meaning individuals die only from AIDS—the difference between the number of susceptible individuals at time t and the carrying capacity of the susceptible class remains constant. Second, in the long-term behavior of the system, the susceptible population approaches the carrying capacity, indicating convergence regardless of initial fluctuations. Third, the difference between the susceptible population and its carrying capacity follows a Gaussian distribution if and only if it was Gaussian at the initial time, demonstrating preservation of distributional structure under the model dynamics. Finally, the mean and variance of the susceptible population, expressed as E(S) and Var(S), respectively, confirm that stochastic migration introduces no significant deviation from the deterministic behavior of the system. Collectively, these findings show that stochastic migration into the susceptible class has no meaningful impact on the overall dynamics of the HIV/AIDS model.

Policy awareness, implementation challenges, and legislative influence on nursing workforce development in Nigeria: A cross-sectional quantitative study

Vera Usigbe — 2026-06-05

Nursing workforce development is central to health-system performance, quality of care, and progress toward universal health coverage. In Nigeria, however, persistent shortages, migration pressures, poor working conditions, inequitable deployment, and weak implementation of workforce policies continue to affect workforce stability. Although policy frameworks exist, evidence on stakeholders’ awareness of these policies, perceived implementation barriers, and the role of the National Assembly in shaping workforce outcomes remains limited. This study assessed stakeholders’ awareness of existing nursing workforce policies in Nigeria, identified key challenges affecting implementation, and examined the perceived role of the National Assembly in shaping nursing workforce outcomes. This paper reports the quantitative strand of a mixed-methods cross-sectional study. Data were collected from 91 respondents using a structured questionnaire covering policy awareness, implementation challenges, and legislative role. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic characteristics and key variables. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Pearson correlation and Welch’s t test were used to test the study hypotheses at a significance level of p < .05. The instrument demonstrated good to excellent reliability across scale domains, with an overall Cronbach’s alpha of .882. Respondents showed moderate awareness of nursing workforce policies, but weaker perceptions of policy communication and stakeholder sensitization. The most strongly endorsed implementation barriers were poor working conditions, poor remuneration, brain drain, inadequate workforce data, and inadequate funding. Respondents moderately acknowledged the National Assembly’s influence on workforce development, but confidence in budgetary adequacy was comparatively low. Policy awareness was significantly associated with perceived implementation effectiveness, r = .528, p < .001. Nurses and policymakers differed significantly in their perceptions of implementation challenges, t = 2.964, p = .005. Legislative engagement was also positively associated with workforce outcomes, r = .359, p < .001. Nursing workforce development in Nigeria is constrained not simply by the absence of policy, but by weaknesses in communication, implementation, financing, workforce conditions, and legislative follow-through. Strengthening dissemination, retention conditions, workforce data systems, and legislative support is essential to improving nursing workforce outcomes.

Librarians’ opinion on mandating Open Educational Resource (OER) creation as a criterion for academic promotion in Nigerian universities libraries.

Opara Immaculata Chinyere — 2026-06-05

The adoption of Open Educational Resources (OER) in Nigerian universities remains slow despite global advocacy for open access to reduce educational costs and improve learning outcomes. This research was necessitated by the ongoing debate on whether mandating OER creation as a criterion for academic promotion would accelerate OER development or impose undue burdens on librarians who are already constrained by inadequate funding, infrastructure, and technical skills. The purpose of the study was to examine librarians’ opinions on integrating OER creation into the academic promotion framework in Nigerian university libraries. Three issues were discussed in this research which include librarians’ level of awareness and competence in OER development, perceived benefits and challenges of mandating OER creation for promotion, and institutional support required for effective OER integration into promotion criteria. The researchers employed analytical methodology to discuss the issues raised in this study Findings revealed that although 68% of librarians acknowledged the potential of OER to democratize access to information, 74% opposed making OER creation mandatory for promotion due to lack of technical training, insufficient time, and poor institutional incentives. Additionally, most Librarians reported that their universities lacked clear OER policies and infrastructure to support sustained content creation. Based on the findings, the researchers recommended that university management should first establish OER policies, provide capacity-building workshops, and offer alternative incentives before considering OER creation as a promotion criterion. Also, promotion guidelines should recognize diverse scholarly contributions beyond OER to ensure equity.

Physical and mental strategies for managing long term illness: A critical analysis

Maduka Margaret Ada — 2026-06-05

The persistence of long-term illness as a global public health burden necessitated this critical analysis of physical and mental strategies for managing chronic health conditions. Despite advances in biomedical treatment, many patients report poor quality of life, recurrent hospitalizations, and psychological distress, indicating that pharmacological interventions alone are insufficient for sustainable management. This study examined the integration of physical and mental strategies as complementary approaches to enhance coping, adherence, and functional recovery among individuals with long-term illness. Findings from interdisciplinary literature reveal that structured physical strategies, including tailored exercise regimens, nutritional regulation, and sleep hygiene, significantly reduce symptom severity, improve cardiovascular and metabolic function, and delay disease progression. Concurrently, mental strategies such as cognitive-behavioral techniques, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and psychoeducation strengthen emotional regulation, reduce anxiety and depression, and foster adaptive illness perceptions. The analysis further shows that the effectiveness of these strategies is amplified when implemented synergistically rather than in isolation, creating a biopsychosocial feedback mechanism that promotes resilience. However, disparities in health literacy, access to rehabilitation services, and cultural beliefs about illness often limit the adoption of integrated strategies, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Based on these findings, the researchers recommended the development of patient-centered care models that embed physical activity prescriptions and psychological support into routine chronic disease management. Healthcare systems should train multidisciplinary teams to deliver culturally adapted interventions, while policymakers should prioritize community-based programs that address both physical deconditioning and mental health stigma. Educational institutions and primary health workers must collaborate to disseminate accessible self-management tools that empower patients beyond clinical settings.

Impact of social media on body image perception among Nigerian adolescents: An overview

Catherine Okpara — 2026-06-05

Social media has become an integral part of modern life, influencing various aspects of human behavior, including body image perception. This study explored the impact of social media on body image perception among Nigerian adolescents, a demographic group highly susceptible to societal pressures and beauty standards. The researchers identified the problem of unrealistic beauty standards perpetuated by social media, leading to body dissatisfaction and negative self-image among Nigerian adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of social media on body image perception among Nigerian adolescents and provided insights into mitigating its negative impacts. The research discussed four relevant issues such as portrayal of beauty standards on social media, the role of social media influencers in shaping body image perception, the impact of social media on self-esteem and body satisfaction, and strategies for promoting positive body image in the digital age. Employing an analytical approach, the researchers examined existing literature and empirical studies on the topic. The findings indicated that social media has a significant impact on body image perception among Nigerian adolescents, with exposure to unrealistic beauty standards leading to body dissatisfaction and negative self-image. Based on the findings, the researchers recommended that social media platforms and influencers promote diverse and realistic beauty standards, and that parents, educators, and mental health professionals should provide guidance and support to adolescents in navigating the digital landscape.

Role of health information, exercise, and psychological well- being in coping with health challenges: An overview

Maduka Margaret Ada — 2026-06-05

This study examined the role of health information, exercise, and psychological well -being in coping with health challenges. This study was necessitated by the observed disconnect between the availability of health-related resources and the actual coping capacity of individuals facing chronic and acute health challenges, particularly in low-resource settings. Global studies have largely examined health information, exercise, and psychological well-being as isolated variables, yet rising morbidity rates and poor treatment adherence suggest that fragmented approaches are inadequate for holistic coping. This research therefore interrogates the synergistic role of health information, exercise, and psychological well-being as interdependent mechanisms for managing health challenges. Findings indicated that access to accurate, culturally relevant health information increases health literacy and self-efficacy, which motivates sustained engagement in physical activity. Exercise was found to reduce physiological stress markers, improve immune function, and enhance mood regulation, thereby reinforcing psychological well-being. Psychological well-being, in turn, strengthens cognitive appraisal processes, enabling individuals to interpret health information constructively and maintain exercise routines despite adversity. The triadic interaction creates a feedback loop that enhances resilience, reduces hospital readmission, and improves quality of life. Unlike conventional models that privilege clinical interventions, the findings highlighted communal support systems and indigenous exercise practices as underutilized coping assets. Based on these findings, the researchers recommended the integration of health literacy programs, community-based exercise initiatives, and mental health services into primary healthcare delivery. Additionally, policymakers should develop multisectoral frameworks that link educational institutions, health facilities, and community organizations to promote comprehensive coping strategies. Training for health workers should emphasize the interconnectedness of information, physical activity, and psychological support rather than siloed service provision.

Unpacking the conflict – investment nexus: A systemic enquiry of militancy and foreign direct investment by oil multinationals in the Niger-Delta

Olorunsemi A. Akindoyo — 2026-06-05

This study explores the systemic interplay between militancy and foreign direct investment (FDI) by oil multinationals in Nigeria’s Niger Delta.
Drawing on systems theory and the greed-versus-grievance framework, it investigates how environmental degradation, socio-political exclusion, and community discontent have catalyzed cycles of violence and strategic corporate responses. Using a mixed-methods approach—including policy review, statistical regression, and stakeholder perceptions—the study uncovers a complex feedback loop wherein militancy deters investment, while divestment and inadequate remediation fuel new grievances.
Findings reveal that oil companies adapt by shifting operations offshore, outsourcing security, or exiting entirely, while recent reforms like the Petroleum Industry Act (2021) and Host Community Development Trusts offer only partial remediation due to weak enforcement and limited community ownership. The study concludes that breaking this conflict–investment cycle requires an integrated governance framework that combines environmental justice, youth empowerment, corporate accountability, and robust policy implementation. Hence, it recommends enforcing post-divestment obligations, improving community participation, and institutionalizing conflict-sensitive investment models to ensure sustainable peace and investor confidence in the region.