Influence of physicochemical parameters on plankton community of Afaha Oku Stream, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study examined the influence of physicochemical parameters on the plankton community of Afaha Oku stream, between March and August 2024. Water samples were collected from four stations at regular time intervals and stored in clean polythene bottles. Physicochemical parameters were determined according to standard methods. Zooplankton and Phytoplankton were collected and identified. Results showed spatial variations in physicochemical parameters with highly significant differences (p <0.05) observed in Electrical conductivity (EC) water temperature, pH, water velocity and phosphate. The highest Phytoplankton species composition was recorded in Station 1 (42.5%). Bacillariaceae had the highest percentage frequency (14.91%) and the highest individual count at Station 1; followed by the highest Zooplankton composition (48.3%) at the same station. Daphniidae had highest percentage frequency (26.9%) with the highest individual count (18) in Station 1. The Shannon and Margalef indices of Phytoplankton and zooplankton were relatively high in station 1, which entails higher diversity and richness of plankton species. It could be inferred that the stream was perturbed at stations 2 and 3 more than stations 1 and 4, given the lower taxon species diversity recorded in 2 and 3. The study is important for maintaining the ecological balance of the stream, assessing its quality and supporting conservation efforts. Sustained monitoring and targeted interventions are essential to prevent escalation to critical impairment. Such efforts would safeguard the stream’s ecological health and public safety.