Article Sidebar
Published:
Nov 20, 2023Keywords:
Article Details
On acceptance, the copyright of a manuscript will be vested in the journal and publisher. Articles published in Afrimedic journal are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which allows for unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, for any non-commercial purpose, subject to proper citation of the original work.
References
Baptista, P., McCusker, M., Carvalho, A., Ferreira, D., Mohan, N. and Martins, M. (2018). Nano-strategies to fight multidrug resistant bacteria "A Battle of the Titans". Frontiers in Microbiology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01441.
Doi, Y., Jun-ichi, W. and Yoshichika, A. (2016). Aminoglycoside Resistance: The Emergence of Acquired 16S Ribosomal RNA Methyltransferases. Infectious Disease Clin North Am. 30(2): 523–537.
Flores-Mireles, A.L., Walker, J.N., Caparon, M. and Hultgren, S.J. (2015). “Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options,” Nature Reviews Microbiology, 13(5):269–284.
Mehrad, B., Clark, N.M., Zhanel, G.G. and Lynch, J.P. (2015). “Antimicrobial resistance in hospital-acquired gram-negative bacterial infections,” Chest, 147(5):1413–1421.
Kotwani, A., Kumar, S., Swain, P.K., Suri, J.C. and Gaur, S.N. (2015). “Antimicrobial drug prescribing patterns for community acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients: a retrospective pilot study from New Delhi, India,” Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 47(4):375–382.
Shokravi, Z., Mehrad, L. and Ramazani, A. (2015). “Detecting the frequency of aminoglycoside modifying enzyme encoding genes among clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,” BioImpacts, 5(2):87–91.
World Health Organisation (2015). Worldwide country situation analysis: response to antimicrobial resistance.
Braun G., Cayô R., Barbosa A.C., and Gales A.C. (2016). In-vivo emergence of polymyxin-B-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in patients with bloodstream infections. Journal of Hospital Infection. 94(4): 338-340.
Ramirez, M.S. and Tolmasky, M.E. (2010). Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. Drug Resistance Update. 13(6):151–171.
Michalska, A.D., Sacha, P.T., Kaczy´nska, K. and Tryniszewska, E.A. (2014). “The diversity of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes among ESBL-positive Proteus mirabilis clinical strains,” Medtube Science, 4(16):16–20.
Al-kadmy, I. M. and Al-jubori, S.S. (2013). Distribution of Aminoglycoside Resistance Mediated by 16S rRNA Methylation among IraqI Isolates of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare. 3(18): 113-125.
Hu, X., Xu, B., Yang, Y., Liu, D., Yang, M., Wang, J., Shen, H., Zhou, X. and Xuejun Ma, X. (2013). A high throughput multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of seven aminoglycoside resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae. Bio Med Center Microbiology, 13:58
Abo-State, M. A.M., Saleh, Y.E.S. and Ghareeb, H.M. (2018). Prevalence and sequence of aminoglycosides modifying enzymes genes among E. coli and Klebsiella species isolated from Egyptian hospitals, Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 11(4):408-415, DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2018.08.005.
O'Hara, J.A., McGann, P. and Snesrud, E.C. (2013). Novel 16S rRNA methyltransferase RmtH produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with war-related trauma. Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy. 57:2413–2416.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. (2019). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 36th ed. CLSI/NCCLS M100-S28. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.
Wangkheimayum J, Paul D, Dhar D, Nepram R, Chetri S, Bhowmik D, Chakravarty A, Bhattacharjee A. (2017). Occurrence of acquired 16S rRNA methyltransferase-mediated aminoglycoside resistance in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae within a tertiary referral hospital of northeast India. Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy 61:e01037-16. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01037-16.
Aghanya IN, Akujobi CN, Ushie SN, Ubajaka CF, Ajuba IM, Ezeama CJ, Maduekwe NP, Uzoewulu NG, Chigbo CG. (2021). Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from environmental sources in a tertiary health institution in Nigeria. Journal of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 9(1):22-27. Doi:10.12691/jaem-9-1-4.
Akujobi C.N and Ewuru C.P. (2010). Detection of extended spectrum beta-lactames in gram-negative bacilli from clinical specimens in a teaching hospital in south eastern Nigeria. Nigeria Medical Journa. 51:141-146.
Al Sheikh, Y.A., Marie, M.A., Krishnappa, L.G, Dabwab, K.H and John, J. (2014). Prevalence of 16S rRNA methylase genes among β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates in Saudi Arabia. Libyan Journal of Medicine. 9:24432.
Yeganeh, S.F., Mohammadzadeh-Asl, Y. and Ghotaslou, R. (2019). High-Level Resistance to Aminoglycosides due to 16S rRNA Methylation in Enterobacteriaceae Isolates. Microbial Drug Resistance. DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0171.
Main Article Content
Detection of npmA Gene in Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Clinical Specimens
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance has become of utmost concern to the global public health and the emergence of high-level aminoglycoside resistance has threatened the synergistic use of β-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics in the treatment of infections, especially those due to Gram-negative bacteria, thus resulting in increasing morbidity and mortality, as well as treatment cost. The aim of the study was to determine the presence of high-level aminoglycoside resistance npmA gene in Enterobacteriaceae isolates recovered from clinical specimens in a tertiary hospital.
Methods: A total of 419 non-duplicate bacteria isolated from clinical specimens were screened for Enterobacteriaceae using the Microbact 12A Gram negative bacilli semi-automated identification system. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed on the Enterobacteriaceae isolates using commercially available gentamicin antibiotic discs. Gentamicin (120µg) was used for phenotypic confirmation of high-level aminoglycoside resistance. All the resistant isolates were examined for the presence of npmA gene using conventional polymerase chain reaction.
Results: Out of the 419 isolates 250 (60.1%) were confirmed Enterobacteriaceae, 30.4% (76/250) were resistant to 30µg of gentamicin, while 4% (10/250) of the Enterobacteriaceae isolated were resistant to 120µg gentamicin. However, the npmA gene was not detected in any of the high-level aminoglycoside resistant isolates.
Conclusion: Despite the phenotypic prevalence of high-level aminoglycoside resistance observed in the Enterobacteriaceae isolates, the npmA gene was not detected. The absence of the npmA gene therefore suggests that other factors may be responsible for the phenotypic high level aminoglycoside resistance recorded in this study.
