Protective effect of <i>Rosemarinus officinalis</i> on gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury in adult male albino rats

Abstract

Background: Gentamicin (GN) drug is one of the first-line drugs for managing severe gramnegative bacteria. Its association with acute kidney injury (AKI) has restricted its use due to oxidation damage to kidney architectural structures. Rosmarinus Officinalis (rosemary) is a
natural antioxidant available and affordable in many developing countries. Antioxidants can be used to prevent oxidation that causes AKI  in GN use. This study was undertaken to evaluate the protective gross morphological effect of Rosmarinus Officinalis (RO) on Gentamicin- induced acute Kidney injury in male albino rats’ species of Rattus norvegicus.

Methodology: The study was done in Kenya at Maseno  University. A posttest true experimental design was used, and a sample size of 25 Albino rats was calculated using a resource-modified  equation. Rats were randomly sampled into 5 groups, each with 5 albino rats. The negative control group received a standard rat diet  plus water, the positive control received GN100,mg/kg/bwt/i.p, low-dose RO, medium-dose RO, and high-dose RO groups received  100,150 and 200 mg/kg/bwt of RO orally, respectively, and were co-administered with GN 100mg/kg/bwt/i.p. At the end of day seven, they were humanely sacrificed, and gross morphometric were taken.

Results: It was observed that the mean weight of the rat, weight,  and volume of the kidney increased significantly (p= 0.001) in high-dose RO group as compared to the positive control. The mean length  and thickness in high-dose RO group increased significantly (p=0.0001) as compared to the positive control.

Conclusion: This present  study shows that co-administration of a high dose of RO has a protective effect on gross morphology against Gentamicin-induced AKI  among male albino rats.