Anti-inflammatory and acute toxicity evaluation of aqueous infusion extract obtained from aerial parts of <i>Marrubium deserti</i> de Noé growing in Algeria

Abstract

Background: Marrubium deserti de Noé, which is locally known as “Merriouet saharaui”, is widely used  in Algeria as a traditional treatment of many ailments. In this study, the anti-inflammatory and acute  toxicity of the aqueous infusion extract from aerial parts of Marrubium deserti were investigated.  Meanwhile, acute oral toxicity of M. deserti, as well as its anti-inflammatory activity is reported for the first time.
Materials and Method: The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenin-induced paw oedema in mice at three different doses (250, 500 and 1000mg/kg body weight. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s t-test.
Results: The aqueous infusion extract (250, 500 and 1000mg/kg body weight, orally administered, n=6) showed a significant (P<0.05) inhibition of carrageenin-induced mice paw oedema by 11.22, 20.73 and 44.03% respectively in the third hour when compared to the control group. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 50mg/kg) as the positive control showed 32.08% inhibition. The oral LD50 values in mice were found to be greater than 2000mg/kg. The relatively high oral median lethal dose (>2000mg/kg) suggests that the aqueous infusion extract has a relatively low acute toxicity when taken orally for a single dose.
Conclusions: The present study indicates that M. deserti has a significant anti-inflammatory effect and confirms its traditional use as a treatment of pain, yet it suggests further investigations to be carried out to determine the active chemical constituents.

Keywords: Marrubium deserti, aqueous infusion extract, acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory activity.