Prevalence and predictors of peripheral artery disease among hypertensive patients in a tertiary hospital in north - central Nigeria

Abstract

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of peripheral artery disease and its predictors among hypertensive patients attending the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital.
Design: Hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study.
Setting: General outpatient clinic and cardiology clinic
Participants:150 hypertensive patients and 150 normotensive patients were recruited.
Main outcome measures: The participants were physically examined, and their blood samples were taken for analysis. Ankle-brachial index was determined among the participants using a handheld Doppler machine. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 20 computer software package.
Results: The prevalence of peripheral artery disease among the hypertensive subjects and normotensive patients were 20% and 3.3% respectively. The predictors of peripheral artery disease were age of the patient (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01 - 1.08), duration of hypertension (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02 - 1.15), abnormal body mass index (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02 - 1.20), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.17 - 9.97) and total cholesterol (OR, 5.56; 95% CI, 2.33 - 13.27).
Conclusion: Peripheral artery disease is a common complication among hypertensive patients studied. The predictors of peripheral artery disease among these patients were the age of the patient, duration of hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia.