Schreiner family narratives: Written and oral sources in biographical research

Abstract

This article reflects on the research required in biographical studies. The biographical focus is on the role of three generations of the Schreiner family:  W.P. Schreiner (one-time Prime Minister of the Cape Colony), Justice O.D. Schreiner (judge of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court) and Professor  G.D.L. Schreiner (scientist, academic, liberal and early conceptualiser of alternative models to apartheid). All three were involved in developing, defending  and sustaining liberal policies and values in South Africa from the late 19th century until the advent of democracy in 1994. The clarifications  and contradictions within and between oral and written sources are examined, and individual cases are discussed in which they are highlighted. The  research sources include family papers, official archives, publications and, crucially, oral testimony. The oral testimony includes formal and informal interviews. This study is a contribution to the history of a family, a university and a set of values. It covers a long period in South African history during  which colonialism tightened into apartheid, resistance developed and the eventual vision of a democratic South Africa came to fruition.

Contribution:  The primary scientific contribution is the exploration of liberal policies and values in South African political and academic history through the prism of  biography. Methodologically, the article discusses possible shortcomings with oral testimony when relied on as a sole source and examines how oral  evidence can be utilised in conjunction with research based on archival and published sources to develop a fuller and more nuanced picture in   biographical research.