Prevalence of prediabetes and assessment of associated risks of cardiovascular disease in Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of prediabetes and the associated risk of cardiovascular disease in Nnewi, Nigeria. A total of 277 apparently healthy adults (73males and 204 females) who were willing to participate were recruited. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the demographic data and dietary pattern of subjects. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured using standard methods. 5mls of blood was collected from eligible subjects and dispensed in fluoride oxalate and plain containers for glucose estimation and other biochemical parameters respectively. Plasma glucose, serum LDL, HDL, TG and TC were analyzed using standard methods. The result showed a prevalence of 7.2% prediabetes in the population. BMI was significantly higher in prediabetes than the control groups (39.4 ± 5.8 vs 29 ± 4.4kg/m2; P>0.05). Similarly, there were significant increases in the prediabetic values of FBG (117.54 ± 16.84 vs 8316.84mg/dl; P>0.05) than the control group. Significant increase was observed in TG (1.8 ± 0.33 vs 0.01 ± 0.25mmol/l; P>0.05) and TC (4.96 ± 0.55 vs 4.06 ± 0.24mmol/l; P0.05) whereas HDL and LDL showed no significant increase. The SBP (128 11.26 vs 120 ± 2.2mmHg; P>0.05) and DBP (92 ± 4.43 vs 60 ± 5.3mmHg; P>0.05) was observed to be higher in prediabetic groups. The study therefore, suggests that the major determinant for predabetes in the study population may be hypertension and obesity whereas cardiovascular function was not impaired.