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Occurrence and risk of human infection and antimicrobial susceptibilities of escherichia coli isolates from beef sold for human consumption in Jos metropolis, Plateau state Nigeria, September 2018 – June 2019
Abstract
Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance poses a threat to infection management globally. We determined the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from beef and assessed beef seller's practices and awareness of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) from Jos metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria.
Methods: We recruited 114 beef sellers and collected beef samples for the study. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, practices and awareness on AMR were collected using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The isolates were tested for susceptibilities to 14 antibiotics using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Ciprofloxacin using commercially prepared evaluator strips (Oxoid, UK).
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 35 ±12.5 years. All were males among whom 90 (78.9%) had post primary education. There were poor (110/114) beef handling practices among all age groups as well as poor awareness of AMR 110 (96.4%) among the respondents. Age, education and duration in the business had no significant impact on beef seller's handling practices and awareness on AMR (P > 0.05). Thirty E. coli isolates (26.3%) were obtained of which 29 (92.8%) exhibited Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) with 4 (13.3%) isolates being positive for extended spectrum beta lactamase production. More than 90% of the isolates had multiple antibiotic resistance index of greater than 0.2. Twenty-two (75.9%) of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin by MIC method.
Conclusion: Beef handling practices was found to be inadequate to render beef wholesome for human consumption in Jos South LGA, Plateau State. Escherichia coli was prevalent on fresh beef and the E. coli isolates exhibited multidrug resistance phenotype. Most antibiotics tested in this study may no longer be very effective (> 50% resistance) for treatment of E. coli infection in humans. We recommend to the Plateau State government through the Ministry of Agriculture to institute policies that will increase surveillance on zoonotic bacterial agents and antibiotic susceptibilities in food of animal origin. Also, the State should build/organise beef markets and institute proper hygiene in abattoir facilities and for beef handlers.
