Chemical composition and anticancer effects of <i>Hyptis Suaveolens</i> L. Poit (lamiaceae) volatile oil

Abstract

The leaf of Hyptis suaveolens have found application in ethnomedicine in the treatment of various ailments including those that are related to tumor and cancer. This study was therefore undertaken to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of its volatile oil. Volatile oil distilled from freshly collected leaves using a Clavenger-type apparatus was screened using tadpoles of Raniceps ranninus (10-40 µg/mL) and brine shrimp of Artemia salina (10-1000 µg/mL) with bench-top assay procedures for cytotoxicity while growth inhibitory activity was assessed using radicles of Sorghum bicolor seeds (1-30 mg/mL). The essential oils were further tested on breast cancer (AU 565) and cervical cancer (HeLa) at 50 µg /mL using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and afterwards subjected to Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometric (GCMS) analysis for its constituents. An LC₅₀ of 188.67 and 8 µg/mL were obtained in the brine shrimp mortality and tadpole lethality assays respectively. The oil showed inhibitions of 86.74 and 21.8 % against AU 565 and HeLa cells respectively. GCMS analysis revealed the major constituents as sabinene (10.64 %) and (-)-4-terpineol (7.27 %). These results support its use in treating tumor-related ailments and should be considered for further studies.