Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus among people screened at a primary care hospital in Bamenda: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Introduction: about 257 million people are infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) worldwide and the infection is endemic in Africa. The general population HBV seroprevalence remains under-reported in Cameroon.

Methods: this was a cross-sectional study including, 1208 consenting adults selected through consecutive sampling, from April 2015 to November 2018, in the Bamenda Health District. Participants´ demographic data were collected and their blood samples were drawn and tested for hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg). Data were analysed using SPSS version 24 and Chi-squared and Fisher´s exact tests were used to assess bivariate associations.

Results: the participants´ mean age (years) was 35.9±11.8, and the majority were females 720 (59.6%). The seroprevalence of HBV infection was 5.8% (95% CI: 4.5-7.3), and was significantly higher in males 8.4% (95% CI: 6.2-11.1), p=0.001, age group 30-39 years 8.4% (95% CI: 5.8-11.6), p=0.007 and the Mankon health area (12.7%; 95% CI: 9.1-17.1), p=0.026.

Conclusion: the results suggest that HBV infection could be intermediately endemic in Bamenda, with a higher burden in males, people in their third decade and those from the Mankon health area. This study further underscores a need for extensive screening and vaccination campaigns in Cameroon.