Lesion size induced by <i>Chrysoporthe</i> fungal pathogens varies between <i>Eucalyptus</i> species and geographic locations in Zambia

Abstract

Chrysoporthe canker disease is one of the serious threats facing planted Eucalyptus in southern Africa. In order to manage this disease, planting of less susceptible species of Eucalyptus has been promoted in many countries but it is not clear which species are less susceptible for Zambian environments. The purpose of this study was to test the response of different Eucalyptus species to Chrysoporthe fungal pathogens under field conditions to identify the least susceptible species to the disease. Two-year-old Eucalyptus trees (E. grandis, E. camaldulensis, E. cloeziana and E. tereticornis) growing in low- and high-rainfall locations were inoculated separately with three Chrysoporthe fungal species (C. austroafricana, C. syzygiicola and C. zambiensis) and the induced lesion size was measured six months after inoculation. Analysis of variance revealed that lesion size differed significantly between Eucalyptus species (F_3,948 = 1 978.8, p < 0.001). Lesion size on Eucalyptus species increased in the order E. camaldulensis < E. teriticornis < E. cloeziana < E. grandis. On average, trees growing in the higher-rainfall site produced significantly larger lesions than trees growing in the low-rainfall site (F_1,948 = 565, p < 0.001), suggesting that location influences disease severity. Smaller lesions on E. camaldulensis indicate lower susceptibility to Chrysoporthe canker disease, providing an opportunity to use this species in the selection and breeding for resistant Eucalyptus genotypes for plantation development in high disease-risk sites in Zambia.

Keywords: canker disease, Cryphonectria, Eucalyptus diseases, Eucalyptus genotypes, pathogenicity, plantation management