Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant activities and essential oil constituents of <i>Andrographis paniculata</i>

Abstract

Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases which lead to urgent need to investigate new, safe and effective source of antioxidant agents. This research proposed to investigate in-vitro and phytochemical constituent of the plant Andrographis paniculata using phytochemical analysis, GC/MS, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and NO. Phytochemical analysis of Andrographis paniculata revealed the presence of tannins, total flavonoids, total phenol, total flavonols, and total proanthocyanidins. GC/MS analysis of essential oil of AP identified one major compound name benzenepropanoic acid elucited at 3.296 retention time and 0.74 area percentage. The ferric reducing potential of the extracts was concentration dependent and significantly different from that of rutin and vitamin E. The % inhibition of ABTS by the ethanol leaf extract of Andrographis paniculata was concentration dependent and compared favourably well with the rutin and vitamin E. In DPPH scavenging assays, the IC₅₀ value of the ethanol leaf extract of Andrographis paniculata was < 0.025 mg/ml, while IC₅₀ of rutin and Vitamin E were < 0.025 mg/ml and 0.08mg/ml. Nitric oxide IC₅₀ for extract is 1.05mg/ml, Vitamin E is 1.2 mg/ml, and rutin is < 0.025 mg/ml. The present study showed high level of radical scavenging activity by ethanol leaf extract of Andrographis paniculata with higher antioxidant activities than Vitamin E but less than that of rutin. This show that Andrographis paniculata has antioxidant properties and the plant could be used in the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress.

Keywords: Andrographis paniculata, Antioxidants, Oxidative stress