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Predictors of treatment failure among HIV positive clients in Webuye Sub-county, Bungoma County, in Kenya
Abstract
Efforts to reduce AIDS-related mortality have been instrumental in providing antiretroviral therapy (ART) services. However, people are still dying while on treatment due to several factors. Recent studies have reported several treatment failures. Therefore, the main focus of the study was to determine predictors of treatment failure among HIV-positive clients through a case study of patients in Webuye sub-county, Bungoma County, Kenya. The study was carried out in the Webuye sub-county hospital and employed a cross-sectional study approach. The study included 3,975 adults who had been on ART for more than twelve months. The Mugenda and Mugenda (2003) formula was used to calculate the desired sample size, capturing a total of 361 respondents. A structured questionnaire and a face-to-face interview were used to collect data. Data entry was done on SPSS and analysed using version 23. Demographic characteristics such as age and sex were summarised into means and percentages. The odds ratio and chi-square test were conducted to investigate the correlation between prognostic factors and adherence to therapy. To account for potential confounding and effect modification, the p-value was set to p < 0.1. The results also found that patients who missed their appointments were more likely to have treatment failure than those who didn't have an appointment reminder. Clients who developed T.B. in patients admitted after ART initiation were at a higher risk of treatment failure, while opportunistic infections posed the same threat. The knowledge gained in this study will help make recommendations regarding developing appropriate health education strategies to empower clients about what can cause treatment failure.
