Main Article Content
Die Afrikaanse partikel <i>ewe/effe(ns)</i> in vergelyking met Nederlands <i>even/effe(n)</i>, Duits <i>eben</i> en Engels <i>even</i>
Abstract
Die Afrikaanse partikel ewe/effe(ns), Nederlands even/effen, Hoogduits eben en Engels even het uit 'n gemeenskaplike Germaanse stam ontwikkel. 'n Tweeledige grondbetekenis kan onderskei word, te wete (i) ‘ooreenstemmend' en (ii) ‘gelykmatig'. Verskillende adverbiale funksies ontwikkel in die vier tale hieruit, byvoorbeeld tyds-, plek- en graadbepalings en illokusionêre, fokus-, en modale funksies. Duits ontwikkel veral die semantiese waarde ‘kategoriese bevestiging' uit (i), maar ook sekere waardes uit (ii). Moderne Engels behou hoofsaaklik 'n graderende fokusfunksie uit (i). Nederlands ontwikkel 'n kwantifiserende graadbepaling wat temporele en illokusionêre toepassing vind; effe(n) is tans 'n informele variant van even. Afrikaans, wat op ouer Nederlands voortbou, ontwikkel uit (ii) die graadbepaling effe(ns) en 'n ironieskontrastiewe funksie ewe, waarvan die laaste as 'n nuwe ontwikkeling beskou kan word.
The Afrikaans particle ewe/effe(ns), Dutch even/effen, High German eben and English even all developed from a common Germanic root. Dual root meanings can be distinguished, namely (i) ‘equal' and (ii) ‘level'. From these root meanings, various adverbial functions developed in the four languages, such as specifiers of time, place and degree, and illocutionary, focus and modal functions. German developed, in particular, the semantic value of ‘categorical affirmation' from (i), but also certain values from (ii). Modern English mainly retains a scalar focus function from (i). Dutch developed a quantifying specification of degree with temporal and illocutionary applications; effe(n) is at present an informal variant of even. Afrikaans, derived from older Dutch, developed from (ii) the specifier of degree effe(ns) and an ironic-contrastive function ewe, of which the latter can be considered a new development.
Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 2007, 25(3): 277–289
The Afrikaans particle ewe/effe(ns), Dutch even/effen, High German eben and English even all developed from a common Germanic root. Dual root meanings can be distinguished, namely (i) ‘equal' and (ii) ‘level'. From these root meanings, various adverbial functions developed in the four languages, such as specifiers of time, place and degree, and illocutionary, focus and modal functions. German developed, in particular, the semantic value of ‘categorical affirmation' from (i), but also certain values from (ii). Modern English mainly retains a scalar focus function from (i). Dutch developed a quantifying specification of degree with temporal and illocutionary applications; effe(n) is at present an informal variant of even. Afrikaans, derived from older Dutch, developed from (ii) the specifier of degree effe(ns) and an ironic-contrastive function ewe, of which the latter can be considered a new development.
Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 2007, 25(3): 277–289
