Immunological Difference between Cord and Peripheral Blood: Review Article

Abstract

Most people feel that transplanting Cord Blood (CB) is a promising substitute for bone marrow transplants. There are several causes for  this, the two most contentious of which are (1) whether graft-versus-host disease is lower in CB transplantation than in bone marrow  (BM) transplantation, and (2) whether or not more human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatches can be used in CB transplantation. The  most widely accepted theory explaining decreased CB cell function is that it is naïve in comparison to populations of adult mononuclear  cells, there are more polyclonal T cell receptor repertoires, decrease in T cell proliferation specific to antigens and mitogens, greater CD4+  CD45RA+ cells levels, decreased cytokine production upon stimulation, and decrease levels of T cell proliferation. Though it's  possible that certain naïve characteristics, observed in vitro, are circumvented in vivo, lymphocyte naiveté may not be the entire  explanation. We have proof that variations in the soluble components released into the serum have changed the way adult and cord  lymphocytes function. Given its logistical benefits and similar clinical results to other hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HCTs), Umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) has been a useful A viable substitute donor for allogeneic transplantation since it was first  introduced for use in adults and children. The lymphocytes in UCB grafts have a distinct cell makeup, and the immunological  reconstitution of T and natural killer cells after UCBT seems to differ slightly from that of other donor kinds.