Cancer Chemopreventive Property of <i>Bidens pilosa</i> Methanolic Extract on Two Stage <i>in vivo</i> Skin Carcinogenesis Model

Abstract

Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) is widely grown throughout in India. The effects of different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg of body weight) of methanolic extract of the whole plant was on drug metabolizing Phase-I and Phase-II enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, and lipid peroxidation in the liver of 7-week-old nude/nude mice was
studied. In addition, the anticarcinogenic potential of both the plants extract was studied, using the model of DMBA induced forestomach and TPA promoted skin papillomagenesis. Primary findings reveal its potential to induce the Phase-II enzyme activity associated mainly with carcinogen detoxification in liver of mice. The hepatic GST (P<0.005)
and DTD specific activities (P<0.005) were elevated above basal level. B. pilosa extract was effective in elevating antioxidant enzyme response by increasing significantly the hepatic GPx (P<0.005), GR (P<0.005), SOD (P<0.05) and CAT (P<0.005). GSH was measured as non protein sulphydryl was found to be significantly increased in liver (P<0.005)
and in extrahepatic organs (from P<0.05 to 0.005) was decreased in present study. In the forestomach, kidney and lung, GST and DTD levels were significantly reduced (P<0.001). Chemopreventive response was calculated by the mean number of papillomas/mouse, as well as percentage of tumor-bearing animals. There was a significant
inhibition of tumor burden, in both the tumor model system studied (P<0.001). Tumor incidence was also reduced at the higher doses of B. pilosa extract, which have produced less tumor incidence. The methanolic extract of entire plant of B. pilosa (BPM) was improved mainly as Phase II enzyme activity that is associated with detoxification of xenobiotics, while inhibiting the Phase I enzyme activity. There was an induction in antioxidant level that correlates with the significant reduction of lipid peroxidation and lactate dehydrogenase formation. Moreover, B. pilosa extract was effective in inhibiting tumor incidence in both the tumor models at peri-initiational level.

Key words:

Bidens pilosa, chemopreventive, DT-diaphorase, glutathione, S-transferase, lactate dehydrogenase.