Comparative Study of Modifiable Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer Among Female In-School Adolescents in Osun State

Abstract

Background: Adolescents make up about one-fourth of Nigeria's population, and most are engaged in risky sexual activities that have serious health consequences later in life. Understanding the risk factors for the development of cervical cancer is essential for promoting health-related behaviours. Therefore, it is a public health priority as cervical cancer presents a significant public health challenge in Nigeria.

Objectives: To assess and compare awareness and knowledge of modifiable risk factors (MRF) of cervical cancer among in-school female adolescents in secondary schools in both rural and urban areas of Osun State.

Method: A comparative, cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 adolescents in rural and urban areas (200 per group) of Osun State, Nigeria, who were recruited using the multistage sampling technique. Quantitative data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire.

Results: Most respondents from both rural and urban areas had not heard of human papillomavirus (77%), cervical cancer (67%), and MRF for cervical cancer (64.5%). However, awareness of these topics was slightly higher among urban dwellers compared to rural dwellers. Additionally, most respondents from both metropolitan areas (114, 57.0%) and rural areas (132, 66.0%) had poor knowledge, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.04).

Conclusion: This study revealed that residence in rural and urban locations significantly influenced awareness and knowledge about the human papillomavirus, cervical cancer, and related MRF. Culturally appropriate communication programs and targeted educational interventions for cervical cancer are therefore recommended.