Social instability and economic development in Nigeria's Fourth Republic

Abstract

Since the inception of Nigeria's Fourth Republic in 1999, the country has navigated significant social and economic challenges. This study explored the intricate relationship between social instability and economic development in Nigeria during this period. It examined various forms of social instability, including political violence, ethnic conflicts, terrorism, and widespread protests, and analyzed their impacts on the country's economic trajectory. Utilizing mixed-methods approach, the study combined quantitative data from governmental reports and international databases with qualitative case studies, such as the Niger Delta militancy, Boko Haram insurgency, and #EndSARS protests. The findings revealed that social instability has severely hindered economic growth by disrupting production, discouraging investment, and straining governmental resources. Conversely, economic underdevelopment has exacerbated social tensions, creating a cycle of instability. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers in Nigeria and other developing countries facing similar challenges, emphasizing the need for integrated approaches to achieve stability and sustainable development.