The Impact of Progestogen-based Hormonal Contraceptives on Menstrual Pattern, Hematological and Coagulation Parameters in Reproductive Age Women in Ilorin, Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: The impact of different progestogen-based contraceptives (PBHCs) on menstrual pattern, hematological and coagulatory parameters remains an important area of study to ensure the safety and efficacy of these widely used methods. This study investigated the effects of commonly used PBHCs among the reproductive age women in Ilorin metropolis.

Methodology: A total of 220 PBHCs users and 105 aged-matched non-users were recruited from four family planning clinics in Kwara State between Januarys to July, 2023. PBHC users were grouped into four and their comprehensive hematological and coagulatory profiles were evaluated using hematology auto-analyzer and semi-automated coagulometer sysmex CA-50. Continuous and categorical data were expressed in mean ± SD, and percentage respectively. One-Way ANOVA and Chi-square test was employed respectively using SPSS version 26.1.

Result: Significant differences were observed in likelihood of incidences of menstrual abnormalities among forms of PBHCs users (p = 0.001). The participants on three-month-injectable has highest likelihood of reduced menstrual flow in relation to other method (p = 0.001). The differences between hematological and coagulatory parameters were not significant in different forms of PBHCs (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that PBHCs is associated with moderate menstrual irregularities. However, it does not adversely affect hematological or coagulatory functions, reinforcing their safety profile for women without underlying conditions. This study provides reassurance about the hematological and coagulatory safety of progestogen-only contraceptive methods, contributing to evidence-based contraceptive care.