A Holistic Approach to HVAC Design: Balance Load Calculation and Piping for Comfort and Sustainability

Abstract

This study presents an integrated approach to HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) system design, combining precise load calculation with efficient piping design to achieve thermal comfort, indoor air quality, and energy efficiency. The methodology was executed in two phases. First, detailed load calculations were performed using HEVACOMP software, accounting for building orientation, insulation, occupancy, and internal heat gains. These calculations established heating and cooling requirements, guiding optimal equipment sizing. Second, piping design was developed using AutoCAD to ensure effective distribution of conditioned water and air, minimizing pressure losses and maintaining proper flow. Considerations included pipe sizing, layout optimization, insulation, and compliance with standards. Control strategies, zoning, and air distribution effectiveness were integrated to enhance comfort and operational efficiency. The study identified a peak load of 220 kW and designed a piping system tailored to departmental needs. Results demonstrate that coupling accurate load assessment with meticulous piping design yields reliable, energy-efficient HVAC systems, aligning with sustainability goals and reducing operational costs.