Cooking Gas Explosion and Burn Accidents in Kigali: Epidemiological Profile and outcomes of patients admitted to the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK)

Abstract

Background

Burn injuries are a global health challenge that disproportionately affects low-income and middle-income countries. In Rwanda, the use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) has led to an increase in the incidence of gas explosion-related burns. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological profile and outcomes of patients with LPG-related burns at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK).

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2023 for all patients with LPG-related burns admitted to CHUK. Demographic, incident-related, clinical, and outcome data were analyzed. Multivariate linear regression was used to identify the mortality predictors.

Results

Of 609 burn admissions, 57 (9%) had LPG-related burns. For patients with LPG-related burns, the median age was 28 years (IQR: 19–34.5), with 60% of patients aged 18–35 years and 51% male. Most patients (70%) were from Kigali and 56% were employed. Gas leaks (53%) and cylinder explosions (42%) were the primary causes, with most incidents occurring at home (58%). The median total body surface area (TBSA) burned was 25%, with 61% of burns classified as superficial partial thickness. Inhalation injuries occurred in 28% of patients, and the overall mortality rate was 16%. Older age was associated with reduced recovery odds (p = 0.0008), while longer hospital stay (p < 0.0001) and absence of inhalation injuries (p < 0.0001) improved outcomes.

Conclusion

LPG-related burns are prevalent and have a high mortality rate. Public education on LPG safety is crucial.