Effect of Particle Size and Plasticity Parameter on the Compaction Characteristic Model of Sand-Clay Mixtures

Abstract

Accurate determination of compaction characteristics, such as maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC), is very important for geotechnical design. Conventional laboratory testing, however, is time-consuming, highlighting the need for predictive models to streamline this process. This study investigates the influence of particle size and consistency limits on the compaction behavior of sand–clay mixtures and develops models to predict MDD and OMC. Disturb clay sample was blended with river sand at proportions ranging from 0 to 60% by weight of clay soil. Various laboratory tests were carried out which include particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, and compaction characteristics. The results indicate that increasing sand content significantly modifies both plasticity and compaction behavior, leading to an increase in MDD and a corresponding decrease in OMC. Predictive models were developed using sand content and plastic limit as input variables, with MDD and OMC as response parameters. The findings reveal that both particle size and plasticity exert a significant influence on compaction behavior under varying compaction efforts. The models developed demonstrated high reliability, with coefficients of determination (R²) ranging from 0.91 to 0.98, indicating strong predictive capability. These models provide a reliable and time-efficient alternative to extensive laboratory testing for estimating the compaction parameters of sand–clay mixtures.