Xiinxala Hiika Fakkoommii Meeshaalee Aadaa Mana Keessaa: Aadaa Oromoo Maccaa, Godina Wallaggaa Lixaa Kan Fuulleffate Analysis of the meaning of domestic material culture: A focus on the Macha Oromoo of West Wollega Zone

Abstract

Kaayyoon qorannoo kanaa meeshaaleen aadaa mana keessatti idileen hawaasni naannoo kanaa itti fayyadamu waa’ee maatii, mana sanaafi aadaa isaanii akkamiin akka ibsan akka hawaasa Oromoo Maccaa godina Wallaggaa Lixaatti xiinxaluudha. Maddi ragaa qorannoo kanaa hawaasa Oromoo konyichaa meeshaalee aadaatti dhimma ba’aa turaniifi jiran yoo ta’an, malleen iddatteessuu akkayyoofi darbaa dabarsaa hojiirra oolanii jiru.Tooftaa odeeffannoon ittiin funaannames daawwannaa, afgaaffiifi maree garee xiyyeeffataati. Odeeffannoowwan kallattii kanaan walitti qabaman mala qorannoo akkamtaan gurmaa’un xiinxalamanii jiru. Kana keessaa mala xiinxala ragaaleef bu’urri yaadrimee xiinxala meeshaalee aadaa gara fookilooriin jiru bu’urefatamee jira. Haaluma kanaan, meeshaaleen mana keessaa bu’uura qaama itti tajaajilamuufi fakkoommii qabaniin yoo ilaalaman, dhiironni meeshaalee muka, sibiilaafi gogaarraa hojjatamanitti dhimma yoo bahan, dubartiin migiraafi baay’inaan supheefi biyyoorra kanneen hojjatamaniin ibsamanii jiru. Meeshaaleen kunneenis, dhiirri eenyu akka ta’e, dubartiin eenyu akka taate, ga’e koorniyaa (dhiirummaafi dubartummaa, abbaa warrummaafi haadha manummaa) isaan qaban, ga’e aadaan namoota ga’eela dhaabbataniif kenne irraa hubachuuf danda’amee jira. Bareedinni/faayaan meeshaalee sonaawwan aadaa qabu (ogummaa, jaalalaafi hariiroo maatii hanga hawaasatti jiru) akka calaqqisiisan qorannoo kanaan bira ga’amee jira. Askeessatti, meeshaaleen aadaa kanneen mana keessatti dhimma itti bahaman baattoo aadaa ta’uun, ga’ee abbaa warraafi haadha warraa akkasumas, simboo hawaasa naannoo sanaa akka ta’an hubatamee jira. Argannoo kana irratti hudaa’uun yaboon kenname, meeshaaleen aadaa hiika aadaa qabu, hiikni isaanii kun callisee kan kennamu osoo hintaane haala hawaasa sanaa giddu galeeffateeti; yoo sanaa ala ba’e rakkoo hubannaa uumuu waan danda’uuf waajjirri aadaafi tuurizimii hubii kana dhimmamtootaafi qorattootaaf uumuu qabu. 

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the significance of both regular and irregular cultural materials used in the homes of the Macha Oromoo community. The study explores what these materials reveal about the respective families, their homes, and the cultural values of the Macha Oromoo people living in the West Wollega Zone. Data for the study was collected from residents in selected districts within the zone, using purposive and snowball sampling methods. To gather in-depth insights, the researcher conducted interviews and focus group discussions with informants.The collected data was analyzed using qualitative methods, which are well-suited for examining cultural and folkloric information. The analysis indicates that cultural materials in the home are primarily associated with gender roles. Men tend to use materials made from wood, iron, and hides, while women are more likely to engage with materials crafted from grass, clay, and soil. These materials thus reflect the identities of men and women, symbolizing their respective roles—manhood and womanhood—as well as their positions within the family, such as husband and wife. Additionally, the study shows that these materials represent cultural aesthetics, social norms, wisdom, and familial love. One key insight is that these cultural materials are vital in upholding and transmitting cultural values. They serve to define the roles of husband and wife and reflect the broader identity of the surrounding community. Based on these findings, the researcher recommends that efforts be made to preserve and pass down these cultural materials, ensuring they retain their original cultural meanings. Without such efforts, these materials may lose their significance and no longer reflect the culture accurately. The Culture and Tourism Bureau, in collaboration with relevant organizations, should take proactive steps to ensure that these cultural materials are properly researched, preserved, and promoted through media to safeguard their cultural legacy.