Real-Time Implementation Of A Self-Sustaining Flywheel-Assisted Photovoltaic Power System For Nighttime Load Management

Abstract

This study shows how a flywheel-powered solar energy system works in real-time to manage electricity use at night in places without a power grid. The system integrates a 1.5 kW PV array, a 24 V 200 Ah battery bank, a 1.5 kW DC motor, a 90 kg hollow cylindrical flywheel, a 3.5 kVA alternator, and a 695 W residential load operating for 12 hours daily. Two system configurations are investigated: one with a conventional battery-only supply and the other augmented by a flywheel energy storage system and a rechargeable feedback loop that partially restores battery charge from the alternator output.

Results indicate that in the absence of the flywheel, the battery undergoes daily energy stress exceeding its capacity, discharging up to 174% of its rated limit and risking premature failure. In contrast, the hybrid setup significantly reduces the battery's net discharge to 1.56 kWh/day, an 81.3% reduction by contributing 1.8 kWh from flywheel kinetic energy and recovering an additional 1.8 kWh via the recharge circuit. This results in a safer daily Depth of Discharge (DoD) of approximately 32.5%, effectively extending battery lifespan and enhancing load reliability.

The findings underscore the efficacy of mechanical-electrical hybrid energy systems in reducing battery dependence, improving overall efficiency, and ensuring uninterrupted energy availability in low-sunlight or resource-constrained environments. The proposed system offers a robust model for sustainable, autonomous energy solutions, particularly in regions facing grid unreliability or energy poverty.