Global Warming and Food Security in Nigeria

Abstract

Global warming has emerged as a critical threat to food security in Nigeria, where agriculture
remains the primary source of livelihood for a majority of the population. This study investigates
the effects of rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall patterns, desertification, and increased
frequency of droughts and floods on Nigeria’s food production systems. It highlights how climate
induced stresses have led to declining crop yields, livestock mortality, and reduced fisheries
output, particularly in climate-vulnerable regions such as the North-East and middle Belt. The
research further explores how these environmental changes exacerbate poverty, food inflation, and
regional instability. Drawing on empirical data and local case studies, the study underscores the
need for adaptive agricultural practices, and strengthened government intervention. The paper
concludes that without immediate and coordinated efforts, global warming will continue to
undermine Nigeria’s ability to achieve sustainable food security and rural development.