Evaluation of Seasonal Water Quality of Drinking Water in Six Residential Estates across Ogun State in Nigeria

Abstract

The use of water to satisfy human without any health risk necessitates the need for assessment of  potable water quality for human consumption. Water samples were collected across six selected housing estates for two consecutive dry and wet seasons within Ogun State, and their parameters such as TDS, EC, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb and Ni were analysed for quality assessment. On spot analysis was carried out for the in-situ parameters using HANNAH water kit. The water samples were digested in triplicates for each estate, and analysed with AAS for the selected heavy metals (HMs). The obtained data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics, and the obtained values were compared with WHO, NIS and NESREA standards to ascertain the water quality and potability. Concentrations (mg/ L) of the analysed parameters ranged as TDS: 56.00 ± 10.44 to 162.07 ± 9.81, Cd: 0.01 ± 0.00 to 0.16 ± 0.10, Pb: 0.16 ± 0.02 to 1.69 ± 0.10, Fe: 0.04 ± 0.04 to 4.75 ± 0.21, and Ni: 0.04 ± 0.02 to 0.85 ± 0.04. The EC (µS/ cm) ranged from 42.82 ± 10.59 to 499.12 ± 31.20. The water quality showed seasonal variations, more polluted in the wet season than dry season, which can be attributed to storage tanks, piping systems and runoff from drainages, residential wastes, and the neighbouring small scale industrial activities. The research suggests water treatment for the consumers to get safe water of potable quality.