Ghana’s electric vehicle drive: is the push for adoption ripe?

Abstract

This study examines the key challenges and opportunities for the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in Ghana, using the Best-Worst Method to rank factors across technological, economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Through expert input, the study identifies the critical importance of advancements in battery technology, charging infrastructure, and grid reliability as primary enablers of EV adoption. Economic factors, such as the high initial cost of EVs and the lack of government incentives, emerge as significant barriers. Environmental opportunities, particularly the use of renewable energy for EV charging, and social factors like public awareness and policy support, also play essential roles. The findings highlight Ghana's unique context, characterized by a fragile energy grid, a second-hand vehicle market dominated by internal combustion engine vehicles, and limited public charging stations, which exacerbate range anxiety and grid stress. However, the country’s potential to harness solar energy, create jobs in the EV sector, and position itself as a regional leader in electric mobility presents significant opportunities. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to promote EV adoption in Ghana, suggesting that overcoming technological and economic barriers, while leveraging environmental and social opportunities, can drive the nation’s transition towards sustainable electric mobility.