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Published:
Jun 14, 2018DOI:
10.4314/jpb.v14i2.2Keywords:
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Main Article Content
Antipsychotic and sedative effects of residual aqueous fraction of ethanol root bark extract of <i>Carissa edulis</i> (Vahl) in mice
Abstract
Carissa edulis (Vahl) (Family Apocynaceae) is used traditionally for the treatment of headache, gonorrhea, syphilis, rheumatism, epilepsy and mental disorders. This study investigated the antipsychotic and sedative effects of the residual aqueous fraction of ethanolic root bark extract of Carissa edulis using mice models: apomorphine-induced stereotypic climbing behaviour, amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in open field, walking beam assay for motor coordination deficit, hole board test for exploratory behavior and diazepam-induced sleep. The residual
aqueous fraction (RAF) at 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg, produced significant dose dependent decrease (p<0.05) in stereotypic climbing behaviour induced by apomorphine; while at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg, it produced a significant (p<0.05) reduction in locomotor activity induced by amphetamine. In addition, it exhibited (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg) significant dose dependent increase (p<0.05) in the time taken to cross the beam. Similarly, at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) potentiated the duration of sleep, but there was no significant difference in the number of head dips in the hole board experiment. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that the residual aqueous fraction of Carissa edulis contains bioactive principles with antipsychotic and sedative property. Thus, justify the traditional use of the plant in mental illness.
Keywords: Carissa edulis; Antipsychotic; Sedative; Apomorphine; Amphetamine
