Benign prostatic hyperplasia preventive potential of ethanol leaf extract and fractions of Cassia alata L. (Fabaceae) in testosterone-treated rats

Abstract

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that affects ageing men. The leaf of Cassia alata is a known local remedy for the condition. This study examined the anti-BPH activity of the plant's ethanol leaf extract, and its aqueous and chloroform fractions. Plant material was extracted and fractionated to obtain aqueous and chloroform fractions. BPH was induced in rats with subcutaneous testosterone injections except for the normal control group. Extracts and fractions were administered orally, while finasteride was used as the positive control. Treatment lasted for 28 days after which serum testosterone, oestradiol, dihydrotestosterone, prostate-specific antigen, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde levels were measured. Prostate index and volume were also determined. The extract was safe at administered doses, and dose-dependently reduced serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, oestradiol, and prostate-specific antigen levels. It increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione activities, while significantly decreasing malondialdehyde levels. Aqueous and chloroform fractions effectively reversed the effects of the extract on serum biochemical and antioxidant levels. Conclusively, the extract is relatively safe, decreased serum markers of BPH with increased serum antioxidant activity observed. Fractions of the extract did not lead to enhanced activity as seen with the whole extract.