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Published:
Sep 12, 2026DOI:
10.4314/jpb.v23i3.6Keywords:
Article Details
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Main Article Content
Phytochemical, proximate and antibacterial studies of the ethanol leaf extract of Abrus precatorius (Fabaceae)
Abstract
The use of herbal/medicine in the treatment of diseases has continued to increase in developing countries. This is due to the high cost, limited accessibility and availability, and effects of some orthodox medicines. Phytochemical,
proximate and antibacterial activities of Abrus precatorius leaf extract were carried out using standard laboratory
procedures to evaluate its medicinal, nutritional and microbial activities. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, steroids and
saponins, in respective quantities, with flavonoids being the most prominent, while anthraquinones were absent. The proximate analysis showed the following nutritional compositions: Moisture content (11.27 ± 0.01), Ash content (1.31 ± 0.05), Protein (7.62 ± 0.06), Crude fibre (1.98 ± 0.03), Fats (5.20 ± 0.14) and Carbohydrates being the highest (72.62 ± 0.00). Antibacterial analysis revealed that different concentrations of the extract possess activity against Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The minimum concentration of the extract inhibits the growth of these bacteria. FT-IR analysis unveiled some suspected functional groups such as alcohols, alkanes, amides, aromatics and olefins at different absorption bands. Abrus precatorius possesses great medicinal potential and can be considered for future drug design and formulations.
