Quantifying Measurement Uncertainty in Photovoltaic Module Performance at Standard Test Conditions: A Machine-Based Approach

Abstract

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of measurement uncertainty in the output parameters of photovoltaic (PV) devices, focusing  specifically on measurements conducted under standard test conditions (STC). Accurate characterization of module I-V performance is  crucial for PV manufacturers, researchers, and investors alike. The study provides a comprehensive overview of the measurement  procedures for both performance and temperature coefficient of PV modules, with a strong emphasis on the detailed calculation of  associated uncertainties. Notably, the research was conducted under realworld sunlight conditions, with special attention given to  reference devices such as reference cells, modules, or pyranometers, which play a pivotal role in determining overall uncertainty  components. By utilizing a diverse array of machines from various sources, the results obtained are applicable across a wide range of  measurement configurations. Furthermore, adherence to the ISO/IEC 17025 series of standards ensures a standardized and reliable  approach. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive approach to uncertainty analysis, encompassing both performance and  temperature coefficient measurements under real-world conditions. By providing valuable guidelines for PV module characterization and  reliability assessment, particularly in uncertainty estimation, this study contributes significantly to the advancement of photovoltaic  technology.