Examination of the role of international law in peace building and conflict resolution

Abstract

International conventions, such as the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime1 and its protocols, provide comprehensive legal frameworks for addressing various aspects of transnational crime, including human trafficking, drug trafficking, and smuggling of migrants. Additionally, the United Nations Security Council has adopted several resolutions, such as Resolution 1373, which mandate States to enhance legal measures to prevent and suppress terrorist financing, recruitment, and operations. Regional agreements, like the African Union's Convention on the Prevention and Combating of Terrorism, also play a crucial role in coordinating efforts among neighbouring countries. At the national level, many States have enacted specific anti-terrorism and anti-transnational crime legislation, reinforcing criminal justice systems and enabling the prosecution of offenders, irrespective of where crimes occur. However, challenges remain in harmonizing laws across jurisdictions, ensuring effective cooperation in extradition, information sharing, and respecting human rights during law enforcement. The effectiveness of these legal frameworks depends on the political will of States, technical capacity, and the ability to balance security with civil liberties. Strengthening legal cooperation mechanisms and enhancing global partnerships remain essential for ensuring that these frameworks meet the evolving nature of transnational crime and terrorism. By doing so, the international community can address the root causes of these threats and create a more secure global environment.