Proximate and mineral compositions of EMS-treated Vigna subterranea: a comprehensive study

Abstract

Mutagenesis is a valuable technique for enhancing genetic diversity and improving crop traits. This study investigated the effects of ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS)-induced mutagenesis on the nutritional quality of Bambara groundnut, an underutilised legume known for its high nutritional value, drought-tolerance and adaptability to poor soils. EMS treatments at concentrations of 0.00%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5% were applied to assess their influence on proximate and mineral composition in the M₂ generation. Results showed that EMS treatments significantly improved nutritional composition. Crude protein content peaked at 20.20% with 0.3% EMS. The highest potassium (21.73 mg/kg) and phosphorus (61.47 mg/kg) levels were observed at 0.5% EMS. Calcium content was highest at 0.3% EMS (50.84 mg/kg), while sodium (20.89 mg/kg) and manganese (1.88 mg/kg) peaked at 0.4% EMS. Iron content reached its maximum (0.25 mg/kg) at 0.5% EMS. These enhancements in nutrient levels indicate that EMS-induced mutagenesis positively affects the accumulation of both macro- and micronutrients in Bambara groundnut. The study has shown that EMS mutagenesis is an effective approach for improving the nutritional profile of Bambara groundnut, reinforcing its potential role in addressing food security and promoting sustainable agriculture, especially in marginal environments.