Estimation of rain-induced signal loss on StarTimes TV communication links in Abraka, Delta State

Abstract

Rain-induced attenuation significantly affects the reliability of telecommunication links, particularly in regions such as Abraka, Nigeria. The operation of microwave systems operating at frequencies higher than 10 GHz can be significantly impacted by rainfall. Rain attenuation, often referred to as rain fade, is a phenomenon that causes propagating signals to fade and can seriously impair the dependability and quality of telecommunications networks during wet seasons. This study estimates rain-induced signal losses on StarTimes TV communication links, which operate primarily at Ku-band frequencies. Due to their shorter wavelengths, Ku-band signals are highly susceptible to rain attenuation, causing signal degradation, reduced picture quality, and service interruptions during heavy rainfall. The research employs empirical data collected through concurrent measurements of precipitation using the FJ3390A, A multifunctional professional weather station, and signal strength analysis via a spectrum analyzer manufactured by Weytoll, also known as Weytoll FJ3390A Co., Ltd. (Standard Model). Various rain types, including drizzle, widespread rain, showers, and thunderstorms, were categorized, and their impact on signal losses was computed. The results reveal that while drizzle had minimal impact on signal strength, widespread rain and showers resulted in moderate signal losses, and thunderstorms caused severe attenuation, with signal losses reaching up to 125.754 dB during peak events. The study underscores the inadequacy of generalized rain attenuation models in accurately predicting signal degradation in tropical regions, emphasizing the need for localized models tailored to Abraka’s unique rainfall patterns, accounting for Average Annual Rainfall of approximately 2,446 mm (96.3 inches) and rainy days: Around 278 days per year with at least 1 mm (0.04 inches) of precipitation. The findings provide StarTimes with critical insights to optimize their broadcasting infrastructure, ensuring more reliable service delivery and reducing customer dissatisfaction caused by weather-related signal disruptions.