Assessing the dual threats of oil spills and climate change on sustainable development in Ogbia, Bayelsa State Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigates the observed climate patterns and their potential impacts on livelihood in Ogbia Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study analyzes temperature and rainfall trends over the past three decades and their correlation with agricultural productivity (farming and fishing). The results reveal that oil spills are a prevalent concern, with 53% of respondents reporting regular occurrences, while only 5% indicated they have never experienced spills. Additionally, the findings highlight a significant rise in average temperature at a rate of 0.024°C per year, peaking at 32.74°C in 2023. Rainfall variability was also evident, with an average annual rainfall of 246.86 mm, and significant fluctuations between 2020 (187.74 mm) and 2021 (388.16 mm), while the rate of rainfall increases (1.32 mm/year) was weak, pointing to growing variability in precipitation patterns. The study’s major findings show that rising temperatures and erratic rainfall negatively impact agriculture, especially temperature-sensitive crops like cassava, yam, and plantain. These climate changes lead to heat stress, reduced crop yields, and water scarcity, which threaten food security in the region. Similarly, fish stocks are affected by rising water temperatures, which reduce oxygen levels in aquatic environments and disrupt breeding patterns. The study recommends adopting climate-resilient agricultural practices, improving flood management systems, and enhancing fishery management to mitigate these impacts. Additionally, the need for community awareness and education on climate adaptation strategies is emphasized to ensure sustainable livelihoods in the face of climate change.