Qualitative detection of HBV and HCV infection in HIV positive patients in south-south, Nigeria

Abstract

Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) co-infections in HIV pose significant health risks, particularly in regions with limited healthcare access. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV co-infections among HIV-positive individuals in Benin city, Nigeria, and to identify associated risk factors. This cross-sectional study included 250 HIV-positive participants and 100 healthy controls. Serum samples were screened using rapid immunoassay kits for HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies, and clinical and demographic data were collected through structured questionnaires. No cases of HIV/HBV/HCV triple co-infection were detected while the prevalence of HBV and HCV among HIV-positive participants was 4.8% and 2.4%, respectively. There was no significant relationship between age, gender, educational level, or marital status and HBV positivity. However, occupationally, Skilled workers were 4.3 times more likely to be HBV-positive than non-skilled workers. Fatigue and abdominal pain were significant indicators of HBV infection. HCV prevalence remained low, and no statistically significant correlation existed between HCV positivity and any demographic factor. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of routine screening and integrated healthcare strategies in managing viral hepatitis infections in HIV-positive populations. Public health initiatives should focus on HBV vaccination, early detection, and improved treatment access., alongside targeted occupational health programs. The absence of triple co-infection highlights the need for sustained preventive efforts in this high-risk group. These findings provide valuable insights for future research and evidence-based policy development.