Optimal site selection for nuclear power plants in Nigeria using geospatial multi-criteria-evaluation techniques

Abstract

To ensure safety, environmental sustainability, and operational efficiency, nuclear power plants must be meticulously planned and evaluated before they can be constructed. This study aims to determine whether nuclear power plants are suitable for construction in  Nigeria based on a geospatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) approach within a Geographic Information System (GIS). Nuclear power  presents a practical alternative because of its significant efficiency and minimal greenhouse gas emissions. To determine the most viable  locations for nuclear power plants, the research combines a range of spatial datasets, including Digital Elevation Models (DEM),  population density maps, drainage networks, transportation networks, and geological fault maps. A spatial data processing method is  employed using ArcGIS 10.4.1, which includes; map overlay operations, buffer analysis, geoprocessing, and map algebra. The criteria  evaluated in the study include; relief areas with elevations above 700m to avoid flooding, lower population density areas to minimize risks exposure, areas with 20km proximity to water bodies for cooling nuclear reactors, and 20km minimum distance from fault zones for seismic stability and safety. Results based on the identified criteria indicates several states (13)- Kaduna, Katsina, Plateau, Gombe, Borno,  Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, Cross River, Zamfara, Ondo, Kano, Nassarawa, and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) - exhibit optimal  conditions for the selection of nuclear power plant sites. The findings of this study are consistent with those of countries such as France,  South Africa, and Canada, which use spatial evaluation techniques for site selection similar to those used in this study. Providing insights  into the optimal site selection could contribute to energy security and Sustainable energy development in Nigeria