Prevalence of depression among internally displaced persons in Abuja, Nigeria

Abstract

Disasters displace millions of people globally, leading to internal displacement. Nigeria also faces challenges such as banditry, kidnapping, terrorism, and natural disasters. Internal displacement has numerous negative consequences, including mental disorders and psychological distress. This study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of depression among IDPs in Abuja, Nigeria. A  cross-sectional study was conducted in two internally displaced persons` camps in Abuja in October 2023 using mixed methods. A total of  382 respondents were selected for the quantitative study using systematic sampling, while participants for the focus group discussions  (FGD) were purposively selected. The data collection tools included an interviewer-administered questionnaire and an FGD guide.  Psychological distress and coping mechanisms were assessed using validated tools such as the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10)  and the Brief COPE-28. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with multivariate analyses conducted to explore associations between trauma and mental health outcomes. This study revealed moderate distress in 42% of respondents, while 30.9% experienced severe depression. Common traumatic experiences included lack of food, insecurity, witnessing violence, and family separation. A significant correlation was  observed between psychological distress and trauma (β=0.45, p<0.001). The adaptive coping strategies were however, inversely related to  distress (β=-0.20, p=0.022). Unemployment and selfemployment were also positively associated with psychological distress. Qualitative  findings highlighted severe emotional distress and trauma among participants, including persistent intrusive memories and  social detachment. The study revealed a high prevalence of extremely severe depression and emotional distress among the IDP. There is  an urgent need for targeted mental health interventions in the IDP settings, through coordinated efforts from governments,  humanitarian agencies, and mental health practitioners.