Knowledge, Attitudes, Perceptions and Health-Seeking Practices Towards Rabies and Dog-Bite Injuries among Residents in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Rabies is a fatal viral infection causing encephalomyelitis in carnivores and other vertebrates, including humans, primarily transmitted through bites or scratches from infected animals. Understanding knowledge and health-seeking behaviors related to rabies is critical for designing effective public health interventions. This study evaluated knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and health-seeking practices regarding dog-bite injuries and rabies infection.

Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 418 adults, selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected via a pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics at a 5% significance level.

Results: The mean age of respondents was 35.6±12.7 years, with 35.4% aged 21–30 years. Nearly half of the respondents (45.2%) demonstrated poor knowledge of rabies and dog-bite injuries, while 60% showed a positive attitude toward prevention and management. A moderate negative correlation was found between knowledge and perceived susceptibility (r = -0.314, p < 0.001) and perceived severity (r = -0.638, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The study identified low perceived susceptibility and severity of rabies, highlighting the need for One Health interventions and targeted advocacy campaigns to improve awareness and preventive practices.