Apoptotic Potential of Artemsia sieberia Besser (Asteraceae) Fraction against Human Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity of crude and dichloromethane fraction of A. sieberi against seven cancer cell lines (Colo20, HCT116, DLD, MCF7, Jurkat, HepG2 and L929).
Methods: A. sieberi was extracted with methanol and further purification was carried out using liquidliquid extraction with hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. Each extract was assayed for cytotoxic potential against cancer cell lines using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay. The morphology of the HepG2 cell nucleus was investigated by Hoechst 33342, DNA-binding dye. A Tali™ image-based cytometer was used to assess cell viability, death and apoptosis using annexin-v /pi (propidium iodide). A chromatographic fingerprint was constructed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Results: The most effective anticancer activity of the unrefined methanol extract was against HepG2 cell lines (LC₅₀ = 161.5 μg/mL). The hexane and ethyl acetate fractions showed no antiproliferative activity. The dichloromethane fraction displayed higher cytotoxic activity (LC₅₀ = 61.75 μg/mL) and also repressed the migration of the cells. About 50 % of HepG2 cells were apoptotic when treated for 24 h with the dichloromethane fraction at the concentration of 120 μg/mL
Conclusion: A. sieberi possesses apoptotic activity and inhibited the migration of the HepG2 cell lines.

Keywords: Artemsia Sieberia, Apoptosiss, Cytotoxicity, Hoescht staining, HepG2 cell lines